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a)
\(A=4x-x^2+3=-\left(x^2-4x-3\right)=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)
Daaus = xayr ra khi: x = 2
b) \(B=4x^2-12x+15=4\left(x^2-3x+9\right)-21=4\left(x-3\right)^2-21\ge-21\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x = 3
c) \(C=4x^2+2y^2-4xy-4y+1=\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-3=\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi
2x = y và y = 2
=> x = 1 và y = 2
a) A = \(-x^2+4x+3=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)
Dấu "=" <=> x = 2
b) \(4x^2-12x+15=\left(2x-3\right)^2+6\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
c) \(4x^2+2y^2-4xy-4y+1\)
= \(\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-3\)
= \(\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
Dấu "=" <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(4x^2-12x+11=\left(2x\right)^2-2.x.6+36-\) \(25\)
= \(\left(2x-6\right)^2-25>=-25\)
A đạt GTNN = -25 <=> \(\left(2x-6\right)^2=0\)
<=> \(x=3\)
các câu còn lại tương tự
TÌM GIÁ TRỊ NHỎ NHẤT, LỚN NHẤT CỦA BIỂU THỨC
\(a,A=4x^2-12x+11\)
\(A=4x^2-12x+9+2\)
\(A=\left(2x-3\right)^2+2\)
Nhận xét: \(\left(2x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3\right)^2=0\Rightarrow2x=3\Rightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(minA=2\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(b,B=x^2-x+1\)
\(B=x^2-2x.\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+1\)
\(B=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}+1\)
\(B=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Nhận xét: \(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(minB=\frac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(c,C=-x^2+6x-15\)
\(C=-\left(x^2-6x+15\right)\)
\(C=-\left(x^2-6x+4+11\right)\)
\(C=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+11\right]\)
\(C=-\left(x-2\right)^2-11\)
Nhận xét: \(-\left(x-2\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2-11\le-11\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy \(maxC=-11\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(d,D=\left(x-3\right)\left(1-x\right)-2\)
\(D=x-x^2-3+3x-2\)
\(D=-x^2+4x-5\)
\(D=-\left(x^2-4x+5\right)\)
\(D=-\left(x^2-4x+4+1\right)\)
\(D=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+1\right]\)
\(D=-\left(x-2\right)^2-1\)
Nhận xét: \(-\left(x-2\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2-1\le-1\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy \(maxD=-1\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
a, \(A=-x^2-2x+3=-\left(x^2+2x-3\right)=-\left(x^2+2x+1-4\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+1\right)^2+4\le4\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = -1
Vậy GTLN là 4 khi x = -1
b, \(B=-4x^2+4x-3=-\left(4x^2-4x+3\right)=-\left(4x^2-4x+1+2\right)\)
\(=-\left(2x-1\right)^2-2\le-2\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 1/2
Vậy GTLN B là -2 khi x = 1/2
c, \(C=-x^2+6x-15=-\left(x^2-2x+15\right)=-\left(x^2-2x+1+14\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-14\le-14\)
Vâỵ GTLN C là -14 khi x = 1
Bài 8 :
b, \(B=x^2-6x+11=x^2-6x+9+2=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 3
Vậy GTNN B là 2 khi x = 3
c, \(x^2-x+1=x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 1/2
Vậy ...
c, \(x^2-12x+2=x^2-12x+36-34=\left(x-6\right)^2-34\ge-34\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 6
Vậy ...
\(A=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4=\left(x-2\right)^2+4\ge4\)
\(minA=4\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(B=\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+2=\left(2x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(minB=2\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(C=3\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-8=3\left(x+1\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(minC=-8\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(D=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-4=-\left(x-1\right)^2-4\le-4\)
\(maxD=-4\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(E=-\left(4x^2-6x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{11}{4}=-\left(2x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{11}{4}\le-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(maxA=-\dfrac{11}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(F=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)-\dfrac{55}{8}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{55}{8}\le-\dfrac{55}{8}\)
\(maxF=-\dfrac{55}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(G=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2+y+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(maxG=\dfrac{3}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+16=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y+2\right)^2+16\le16\)
\(maxH=16\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=x^2-4x+20=x^2-4x+4+16=\left(x-2\right)^2+16\)
Do \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+16\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(A\right)=16\)
\(B=x^2-3x+7=x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}+7=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\)
Do \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\ge\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(B\right)=\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(C=-x^2-10x+70=-\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+25+70=-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\)
Do \(-\left(x-5\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\le95\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(C\right)=95\)
\(D=-4x^2+12x+1=-\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+9+1=-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\)
Do \(-\left(2x-3\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\le10\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(D\right)=10\)
a) A = x2 + 12x + 39
= ( x2 + 12x + 36 ) + 3
= ( x + 6 )2 + 3 ≥ 3 ∀ x
Đẳng thức xảy ra ⇔ x + 6 = 0 => x = -6
=> MinA = 3 ⇔ x = -6
B = 9x2 - 12x
= 9( x2 - 4/3x + 4/9 ) - 4
= 9( x - 2/3 )2 - 4 ≥ -4 ∀ x
Đẳng thức xảy ra ⇔ x - 2/3 = 0 => x = 2/3
=> MinB = -4 ⇔ x = 2/3
b) C = 4x - x2 + 1
= -( x2 - 4x + 4 ) + 5
= -( x - 2 )2 + 5 ≤ 5 ∀ x
Đẳng thức xảy ra ⇔ x - 2 = 0 => x = 2
=> MaxC = 5 ⇔ x = 2
D = -4x2 + 4x - 3
= -( 4x2 - 4x + 1 ) - 2
= -( 2x - 1 )2 - 2 ≤ -2 ∀ x
Đẳng thức xảy ra ⇔ 2x - 1 = 0 => x = 1/2
=> MaxD = -2 ⇔ x = 1/2
Ta có A = x2 + 12x + 39 = (x2 + 12x + 36) + 3 = (x + 6)2 + 3 \(\ge\)3
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x + 6 = 0
=> x = -6
Vậy Min A = 3 <=> x = -6
Ta có B = 9x2 - 12x = [(3x)2 - 12x + 4] - 4 =(3x - 2)2 - 4 \(\ge\)-4
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> 3x - 2 =0
=> x = 2/3
Vậy Min B = -4 <=> x = 2/3
b) Ta có C = 4x - x2 + 1 = -(x2 - 4x - 1) = -(x2 - 4x + 4) + 5 = -(x - 2)2 + 5 \(\le\)5
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 2 = 0
=> x = 2
Vậy Max C = 5 <=> x = 2
Ta có D = -4x2 + 4x - 3 = -(4x2 - 4x + 1) - 2 = -(2x - 1)2 - 2 \(\le\)-2
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> 2x - 1 = 0
=> x = 0,5
Vậy Max D = -2 <=> x = 0,5
a) \(x^2\)\(+3x+7\)
=\(x^2\)\(+2.x.\frac{3}{2}\)\(+\frac{9}{4}\)\(+\frac{19}{4}\)
=\(\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\)\(+\frac{19}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\)\(\ge0\)
Nên \(\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\)\(+\frac{19}{4}\)\(\ge\frac{19}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(x+\frac{3}{2}\)\(=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(x^2\)\(+3x+7\) là \(\frac{19}{4}\) khi \(x=-\frac{3}{2}\)
b) \(-9x^2+12x-15\)
=\(-\left(9x^2-12x+15\right)\)
=\(-\left(\left(3x\right)^2-2.3x.2+4+11\right)\)
=\(-\left(\left(3x-2\right)^2+11\right)\)
=\(-\left(3x-2\right)^2-11\)
Vì \(\left(3x-2\right)^2\)\(\ge0\)
Nên \(-\left(3x-2\right)^2-11\le-11\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(3x-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{3}\)
Vậy GTLN của \(-9x^2+12x-15\) là \(-11\) khì \(x=\frac{2}{3}\)
c) \(11-10x-x^2\)
=\(-\left(x^2+10x-11\right)\)
=\(-\left(x^2+2.x.5+25-36\right)\)
=\(-\left(\left(x+5\right)^2-36\right)\)
=\(-\left(x+5\right)^2+36\)
Vì \(\left(x+5\right)^2\ge0\)
Nên \(-\left(x+5\right)^2+36\le36\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(x+5=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-5\)
Vậy GTLN \(11-10x-x^2\) là \(36\) khi \(x=-5\)
d)\(x^4+x^2+2\)
=\(\left(x^2\right)^2+2.x^2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{7}{4}\)
=\(\left(x^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
Nên \(\left(x^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}\ge\frac{7}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(x^2+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(x^4+x^2+2\) là \(\frac{7}{4}\) khi \(x=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
a) \(x^2+3x+7=x^2+2.1,5x+1,5^2+4,75=\left(x+1,5\right)^2+4,75\ge4,75\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi : \(x+1,5=0\Rightarrow x=-1,5\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của x2 + 3x + 7 là 4,75 khi x = -1,5
b) \(-9x^2+12x-15=-\left(9x^2-12x+15\right)=-\left[\left(3x\right)^2-2.2.3x+2^2+11\right]\)
\(=-\left[\left(3x-2\right)^2+11\right]=-\left(3x-2\right)^2-11\le-11\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi : \(3x-2=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{3}\)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của -9x2 +12x - 15 là -11 khi \(x=\frac{2}{3}\)
c) \(11-10x-x^2=-x^2-10x+11=-\left(x^2+10x-11\right)=-\left(x^2+2.5x+5^2-36\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(x+5\right)^2-36\right]=-\left(x+5\right)^2+36\le36\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi : \(x+5=0\Rightarrow x=-5\)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của 11 - 10x -x2 là 36 khi x = -5.
Ta có:
a) A = x2 + 6x + 10 = (x2 + 6x + 9) + 1 = (x + 3)2 + 1 \(\ge\)1 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x + 3 = 0 <=> x = -3
Vậy MinA = 1 <=> x = -3
b) B = 4x2 - 12x + 13 = 4(x2 - 3x + 9/4) + 4 = 4(x - 3/2)2 + 4 \(\ge\)4 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 3/2 = 0 <=> x = 3/2
Vậy MinB = 4 <=> x = 3/2
\(1,A=x^2-12x+11\\ =\left(x^2-12x+36\right)-25\\ =\left(x-6\right)^2-25\)
Ta có: `(x-6)^2>=0` với mọi x
`=>(x-6)^2-25>=-25` với mọi x
Dấu "=" xảy ra: `x-6=0<=>x=6`
\(2,M=-4x^2+12x-7\\ =\left(-4x^2+12x-9\right)+2\\ =-\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+2\\ =-\left(2x-3\right)^2+2\)
Ta có: `(2x-3)^2>=0` với mọi x
`=>-(2x-3)^2<=0` với mọi x
`=>-(2x-3)^2+2<=2` với mọi x
Dấu "=" xảy ra: `2x-3=0<=>x=3/2`
1: \(A=x^2-12x+11\)
\(=x^2-12x+36-25\)
\(=\left(x-6\right)^2-25>=-25\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-6=0
=>x=6
10: \(M=-4x^2+12x-7\)
\(=-4x^2+12x-9+2\)
\(=-\left(2x-3\right)^2+2< =2\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x-3=0
=>2x=3
=>\(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)