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2. \(P=x^2-x\sqrt{3}+1=\left(x^2-x\sqrt{3}+\frac{3}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{4}=\left(x-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Vây \(P_{min}=\frac{1}{4}\)khi \(x=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
3. \(Y=\frac{x}{\left(x+2011\right)^2}\le\frac{x}{4x.2011}=\frac{1}{8044}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=2011\)
Vây \(Y_{max}=\frac{1}{8044}\)khi \(x=2011\)
4. \(Q=\frac{1}{x-\sqrt{x}+2}=\frac{1}{\left(x-\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{7}{4}}=\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}}\le\frac{4}{7}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(Q_{max}=\frac{4}{7}\)khi \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)
Lời giải:
ĐKĐB $\Leftrightarrow x+y=\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6}$
$\Rightarrow (x+y)^2=(\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6})^2\leq (x+6+y+6)(1+1)$ (theo BĐT Bunhiacopxky)
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^2\leq 2(x+y+12)$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^2-2(x+y)-24\leq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y+4)(x+y-6)\leq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow -4\leq x+y\leq 6$
Vậy $A_{\max}=6$
Ta có:
\(1.\sqrt{1+x^2}+1.\sqrt{2x}\le\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)\left(1+x^2+2x\right)}=\sqrt{2}\left(x+1\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\sqrt{1+y^2}+\sqrt{2y}\le\sqrt{2}\left(y+1\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{1+z^2}+\sqrt{2z}\le\sqrt{2}\left(z+1\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+y+z+3\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\le\sqrt{2}\left(3+3\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right).3=6+3\sqrt{2}\)
\(P_{max}=6+3\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
\(P=\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2+4^2}+\sqrt{\left(y-3\right)^2+4^2}+\sqrt{\left(z-3\right)^2+4^2}\)
\(P\ge\sqrt{\left(x-3+y-3+z-3\right)^2+\left(4+4+4\right)^2}=6\sqrt{5}\)
\(P_{min}=6\sqrt{5}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Mặt khác với mọi \(x\in\left[0;3\right]\) ta có:
\(\sqrt{x^2-6x+25}\le\dfrac{15-x}{3}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(9\left(x^2-6x+25\right)\le\left(15-x\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x\left(3-x\right)\ge0\) luôn đúng
Tương tự: ...
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{45-\left(x+y+z\right)}{3}=14\)
\(P_{max}=14\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;3\right)\) và hoán vị
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Swartz, ta có : \(P^2=\left(1.\sqrt{x-3}+1.\sqrt{y-4}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x-3+y-4\right)=2\left(x+y-7\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\le2\) (vì x+y=8)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{2}\) . Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\begin{cases}x\ge3;y\ge4\\x+y=8\\\sqrt{x-3}=\sqrt{y-4}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=\frac{7}{2}\\y=\frac{9}{2}\end{cases}\)
Vậy Max P = \(\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=\frac{7}{2}\\y=\frac{9}{2}\end{cases}\)
\(x=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}\right)=\sqrt{6}\)
\(y=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{6}-1\right)^2}=\sqrt{6}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow x-y=1\Rightarrow P=1\)
\(B=x-2020-\sqrt{x-2020}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{8079}{4}\)
\(B=\left(\sqrt{x-2020}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{8079}{4}\ge\dfrac{8079}{4}\)
\(B_{min}=\dfrac{8079}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{8081}{4}\)
\(S=\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{y-4}\)
ĐK:\(x\ge 3;y\ge 4\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(S^2=\left(\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{y-4}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x-3+y-4\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+y-7\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow S^2\le2\Rightarrow S\le\sqrt{2}\)
Cách khác:
Đk: \(x\ge2,y\ge3\)
Với a,b\(\ge\) 0có:
\(a+b\le\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\) <=> \(a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\) <=> \(0\le a^2-2ab+b^2\)
<=>\(0\le\left(a-b\right)^2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>a=b>0
Áp dụng bđt trên có:
\(S=\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{y-3}\le\sqrt{2\left(x-2+y-3\right)}=\sqrt{2\left(6-2-3\right)}\)(do x+y=6)
=> \(S\le\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=\sqrt{y-3}\\x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=y-3\\x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-x=1\\x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> x=2,5 và y=3,5(t/m)
\(S^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x-2+y-3\right)=2\left(x+y-5\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{max}=\sqrt{2}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=y-3\\x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{5}{2}\\y=\frac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)