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2. \(P=x^2-x\sqrt{3}+1=\left(x^2-x\sqrt{3}+\frac{3}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{4}=\left(x-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Vây \(P_{min}=\frac{1}{4}\)khi \(x=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
3. \(Y=\frac{x}{\left(x+2011\right)^2}\le\frac{x}{4x.2011}=\frac{1}{8044}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=2011\)
Vây \(Y_{max}=\frac{1}{8044}\)khi \(x=2011\)
4. \(Q=\frac{1}{x-\sqrt{x}+2}=\frac{1}{\left(x-\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{7}{4}}=\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}}\le\frac{4}{7}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(Q_{max}=\frac{4}{7}\)khi \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(3=x+y+xy\le\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+3\sqrt{2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le-2\)
\(P=\sqrt{9-x^2}+\sqrt{9-y^2}+\dfrac{x+y}{4}\le\sqrt{2\left(9-x^2+9-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{4}\)
\(P\le\sqrt{2\left(18-x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4}.\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(P\le\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\sqrt{18-x^2-y^2}+\sqrt[]{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(18-x^2-y^2\right)}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}}\)
\(P\le\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right).\sqrt{18-2}+\sqrt{\left(2+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(\dfrac{18-x^2-y^2+x^2+y^2}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{1+8\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
\(x=\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3=9+4\sqrt{5}+9-4\sqrt{5}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(9-4\sqrt{5}\right)\left(9+4\sqrt{5}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3=18+3x\sqrt[3]{81-80}=18-3x\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3-3x=18\\ y=\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3=6+3\sqrt[3]{\left(3-2\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3+2\sqrt{2}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3=6+3y\sqrt[3]{9-8}=6+3y\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3-3y=6\\ \Leftrightarrow P=x^3+y^3-3\left(x+y\right)+1993\\ P=x^3+y^3-3x-3y+1993=18+6+1993=2017\)
Áp dụng: \(\left(a+b\right)^3=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(x=\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3=9+4\sqrt{5}+9-4\sqrt{5}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(9+4\sqrt{5}\right)\left(9-4\sqrt{5}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\right)\)
\(=18+3\sqrt[3]{81-80}.x=18+3x\)
\(y=\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3=3-2\sqrt{2}+3+2\sqrt{2}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(3-2\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3+2\sqrt{2}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\right)\)
\(=6+3\sqrt[3]{9-8}y=6+3y\)
\(P=x^3+y^3-3\left(x+y\right)+1993\)
\(=18+3x+6+3y-3x-3y+1993=2017\)
Tham khảo:
Cho 3 số thức x,y,z thỏa mãn \(x\ge1;y\ge4;z\ge9\) tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biết thức Q=\(\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}+zx\sqrt... - Hoc24
\(M=\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{y-4}}{y}\)
ta co \(1.\sqrt{x-1}\le\frac{x+1-1}{2}=\frac{x}{2}\)
\(2.\sqrt{y-4}=\sqrt{4}\sqrt{y-4}\le\frac{y-4+4}{2}=\frac{y}{2}\)
\(M=\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{4}\sqrt{y-4}}{2y}\le\frac{\frac{x}{2}}{x}+\frac{\frac{y}{2}}{2y}=\frac{x}{2x}+\frac{y}{4y}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
vay max \(M=\frac{3}{4}\)khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=8\end{cases}}\)
Lời giải:
ĐKĐB $\Leftrightarrow x+y=\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6}$
$\Rightarrow (x+y)^2=(\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6})^2\leq (x+6+y+6)(1+1)$ (theo BĐT Bunhiacopxky)
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^2\leq 2(x+y+12)$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^2-2(x+y)-24\leq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y+4)(x+y-6)\leq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow -4\leq x+y\leq 6$
Vậy $A_{\max}=6$
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Swartz, ta có : \(P^2=\left(1.\sqrt{x-3}+1.\sqrt{y-4}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x-3+y-4\right)=2\left(x+y-7\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\le2\) (vì x+y=8)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{2}\) . Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\begin{cases}x\ge3;y\ge4\\x+y=8\\\sqrt{x-3}=\sqrt{y-4}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=\frac{7}{2}\\y=\frac{9}{2}\end{cases}\)
Vậy Max P = \(\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=\frac{7}{2}\\y=\frac{9}{2}\end{cases}\)