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a: \(f'\left(x_0\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-f\left(x0\right)}{x-x0}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{c-c}{x-x0}=0\)
b: \(f'\left(x0\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-f\left(x0\right)}{x-x0}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{x-x0}{x-x0}=1\)
a: \(f'\left(x0\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-f\left(x0\right)}{x-x0}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{x^2+1-x_0^2-1}{x-x_0}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{\left(x-x0\right)\left(x+x0\right)}{x-x0}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}x+x0=x0+x0=2x0\)
b: \(f'\left(x0\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-f\left(x0\right)}{x-x0}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{kx+c-k\cdot x0-c}{x-x0}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{k\left(x-x0\right)}{x-x0}\)
=\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}k=k\)
a) Với \({x_0}\) bất kì, ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{k{x^2} + c - \left( {kx_0^2 + c} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{k\left( {{x^2} - x_0^2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{k\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {x + {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left[ {k\left( {x + {x_0}} \right)} \right] = 2k{x_0}\)
Vậy hàm số \(y = k{x^2} + c\) có đạo hàm là hàm số \(y' = 2kx\)
b) Với \({x_0}\) bất kì, ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{x^3} - x_0^3}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x{x_0} + x_0^2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left( {{x^2} + x{x_0} + x_0^2} \right) = 3x_0^2\)
Vậy hàm số \(y = {x^3}\) có đạo hàm là hàm số \(y' = 3{x^2}\)
a) Hàm hằng ⇒ Δy = 0
b) theo định lí 1
y = x hay y = x1 ⇒ y’= (x1)’= 1. x1-1 = 1. xo = 1.1 =1
Lời giải:
Tìm đạo hàm theo biến $y$, bạn chỉ cần coi $x$ là một tham số rồi sử dụng công thức như bình thường thôi.
\(f(y)=y.e^{xy}.\sin y\)
\(\Rightarrow f'(y)=(y.e^{xy})'\sin y+y.e^{xy}(\sin y)'\)
\(=[y'.e^{xy}+y(e^{xy})']\sin y+y.e^{xy}.\cos y\)
\(=(e^{xy}+yxe^{xy})\sin y+y.e^{xy}\cos y\)
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Tính đạo hàm cấp 2.
Theo biến $x$
\(f(x)=e^{xy}\sin y\)
\(\Rightarrow f'(x)=\sin y(e^{xy})'=\sin y.ye^{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow f''(x)=(y\sin y.e^{xy})'=y\sin y(e^{xy})'=y^2\sin y.e^{xy}\)
Theo biến $y$
\(f(y)=e^{xy}.\sin y\)
\(\Rightarrow f'(y)=(e^{xy})'\sin y+(\sin y)'e^{xy}\)
\(=x.e^{xy}\sin y+\cos y.e^{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow f''(y)=(xe^{xy}.\sin y+\cos y.e^{xy})'\)
\(=(x.e^{xy}\sin y)'+(\cos y.e^{xy})'\)
\(=(x.e^{xy})'\sin y+(\sin y)'.xe^{xy}+(\cos y)'e^{xy}+\cos y(e^{xy})'\)
\(=x^2e^{xy}.\sin y+\cos y.x.e^{xy}-\sin y.e^{xy}+x\cos y.e^{xy}\)
a) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( { - {x^2}} \right) - \left( { - x_0^2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - \left( {{x^2} - x_0^2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - \left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {x + {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left( { - x - {x_0}} \right) = - {x_0} - {x_0} = - 2{{\rm{x}}_0}\)
Vậy \(f'\left( x \right) = {\left( { - {x^2}} \right)^\prime } = - 2x\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
b) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {{x^3} - 2{\rm{x}}} \right) - \left( {x_0^3 - 2{{\rm{x}}_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{x^3} - 2{\rm{x}} - x_0^3 + 2{{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {{x^3} - x_0^3} \right) - 2\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x.{x_0} + x_0^2} \right) - 2\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x.{x_0} + x_0^2 - 2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left( {{x^2} + x.{x_0} + x_0^2 - 2} \right) = x_0^2 + {x_0}.{x_0} + x_0^2 - 2 = 3{\rm{x}}_0^2 - 2\)
Vậy \(f'\left( x \right) = {\left( {{x^3} - 2{\rm{x}}} \right)^\prime } = 3{{\rm{x}}^2} - 2\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
c) Với bất kì \({x_0} \ne 0\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{4}{x} - \frac{4}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{{4{x_0} - 4x}}{{x{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{4{x_0} - 4x}}{{x{x_0}\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - 4\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}{{x{x_0}\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - 4}}{{x{{\rm{x}}_0}}} = \frac{{ - 4}}{{{x_0}.{x_0}}} = - \frac{4}{{x_0^2}}\)
Vậy \(f'\left( x \right) = {\left( {\frac{4}{x}} \right)^\prime } = - \frac{4}{{{x^2}}}\) trên các khoảng \(\left( { - \infty ;0} \right)\) và \(\left( {0; + \infty } \right)\).