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a) \(A=\left[\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^2\right]^{\frac{-3}{2}}-\left[2^{-3}\right]^{\frac{-2}{3}}=5^3-2^2=121\)
b) \(B=6^2+\left[\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\right]^{-4}=6^2+5^3=161\)
c) \(C=\frac{a^{\sqrt{5}+3}.a^{\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)}}{\left(a^{2\sqrt{2}-1}\right)^{2\sqrt{2}+1}}=\frac{a^{\sqrt{5}+3}.a^{5-\sqrt{5}}}{a^{\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)^2-1^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a^{\sqrt{5}+3+5-\sqrt{5}}}{a^{8-1}}=\frac{a^8}{a^7}=a\)
d) \(D=\left(a^{\frac{1}{2}}-b^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)^2:\left(b-2b\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}+\frac{b^2}{a}\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2:b\left[1-2\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}+\left(\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2:b\left(1-\sqrt{b}a\right)^2\)
Nhìn 2 vế của hàm số thì có vẻ ta cần phân tích biểu thức vế trái về dạng \(\left[f\left(x\right).u\left(x\right)\right]'=f\left(x\right).u'\left(x\right)+u\left(x\right).f'\left(x\right)\), ta cần tìm thằng \(u\left(x\right)\) này
Biến đổi 1 chút xíu: \(\frac{\left[f\left(x\right).u\left(x\right)\right]'}{u\left(x\right)}=\frac{u'\left(x\right)}{u\left(x\right)}f\left(x\right)+f'\left(x\right)\) (1) hay vào bài toán:
\(\left(\frac{x+2}{x+1}\right)f\left(x\right)+f'\left(x\right)=\frac{e^x}{x+1}\) (2)
Nhìn (1) và (2) thì rõ ràng ta thấy \(\frac{u'\left(x\right)}{u\left(x\right)}=\frac{x+2}{x+1}=1+\frac{1}{x+1}\)
Lấy nguyên hàm 2 vế:
\(ln\left(u\left(x\right)\right)=\int\left(1+\frac{1}{x+1}\right)dx=x+ln\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow u\left(x\right)=e^{x+ln\left(x+1\right)}=e^x.e^{ln\left(x+1\right)}=e^x.\left(x+1\right)\)
Vậy ta đã tìm xong hàm \(u\left(x\right)\)
Vế trái bây giờ cần biến đổi về dạng:
\(\left[f\left(x\right).e^x\left(x+1\right)\right]'=e^x\left(x+2\right).f\left(x\right)+f'\left(x\right).e^x\left(x+1\right).f'\left(x\right)\)
Để tạo thành điều này, ta cần nhân \(e^x\) vào 2 vế của biểu thức ban đầu:
\(e^x\left(x+2\right)f\left(x\right)+e^x\left(x+1\right)f'\left(x\right)=e^{2x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[f\left(x\right).e^x.\left(x+1\right)\right]'=e^{2x}\)
Lấy nguyên hàm 2 vế:
\(f\left(x\right).e^x\left(x+1\right)=\int e^{2x}dx=\frac{1}{2}e^{2x}+C\)
Do \(f\left(0\right)=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow f\left(0\right).e^0=\frac{1}{2}e^0+C\Rightarrow C=0\)
Vậy \(f\left(x\right).e^x\left(x+1\right)=\frac{1}{2}e^{2x}\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2}\frac{e^{2x}}{e^x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{e^x}{2\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(2\right)=\frac{e^2}{2\left(2+1\right)}=\frac{e^2}{6}\)
Ta có :
\(\log_62-\frac{1}{2}\log_{\sqrt{6}}5=\log_62-\log_65=\log_6\frac{2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{6}\right)^{\log_62-\frac{1}{2}\log_{\sqrt{6}}5}=\left(\frac{1}{6}\right)^{\log_6\frac{2}{5}}=\left(6^{-1}\right)^{\log_6\frac{2}{5}}=6^{\log_6\frac{2}{5}}=\frac{5}{2}=\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)^3}=\sqrt[3]{\frac{125}{8}}\)
Mà :
\(\sqrt[3]{\frac{125}{8}}>\sqrt[3]{\frac{124}{8}}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{6}\right)^{\log_62-\frac{1}{2}\log_{\sqrt{6}}5}>\sqrt[3]{\frac{31}{2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(\frac{1}{6}\right)^{\log_62-\frac{1}{2}\log_{\sqrt{6}}5}-\sqrt[3]{\frac{31}{2}}>0^{ }\)
a) \(A=\frac{a^{\frac{5}{2}}\left(a^{\frac{1}{2}}-a^{\frac{-3}{2}}\right)}{a^{\frac{1}{2}}\left(a^{\frac{-1}{2}}-a^{\frac{3}{2}}\right)}=\frac{a^3-a}{1-a^2}=-a\)
Do đó : \(A=-\left(\pi-3\sqrt{2}\right)=3\sqrt{2}-\pi\)
b) Rút gọn B ta có :
\(B=\left(a^{\frac{1}{3}}+b^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)\left[\left(a^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^2+\left(b^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^2\right]=\left(a^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^3+\left(b^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^3=a+b\)
Do đó :
\(B=\left(7-\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}+3\right)=10\)
14.
\(log_aa^2b^4=log_aa^2+log_ab^4=2+4log_ab=2+4p\)
15.
\(\frac{1}{2}log_ab+\frac{1}{2}log_ba=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow log_ab+\frac{1}{log_ab}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow log_a^2b-2log_ab+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(log_ab-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow log_ab=1\Rightarrow a=b\)
16.
\(2^a=3\Rightarrow log_32^a=1\Rightarrow log_32=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(log_3\sqrt[3]{16}=log_32^{\frac{4}{3}}=\frac{4}{3}log_32=\frac{4}{3a}\)
11.
\(\Leftrightarrow1>\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^x\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^{x+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^{2x+2}< 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2< 0\Rightarrow x< -1\)
\(\Rightarrow\) có \(-2+2020+1=2019\) nghiệm
12.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2>0\\0< log_3\left(x-2\right)< 1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>2\\1< x-2< 3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow3< x< 5\Rightarrow b-a=2\)
13.
\(4^x=t>0\Rightarrow t^2-5t+4\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t\le1\\t\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4^x\le1\\4^x\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le0\\x\ge1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 1:
Đặt \(\sqrt{lnx+1}=t\Rightarrow lnx=t^2-1\Rightarrow\frac{dx}{x}=2tdt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int3t.2t.dt=6\int t^2dt=2t^3+C\)
\(=2\sqrt{\left(lnx+1\right)^3}+C=2\left(lnx+1\right)\sqrt{lnx+1}+C\)
\(=ln\left(x.e\right)^2\sqrt{ln\left(x.e\right)+0}\Rightarrow a=2;b=0\)
Câu 2:
\(\int\limits^b_ax^{-\frac{1}{2}}dx=2x^{\frac{1}{2}}|^b_a=2\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}\right)=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}=1\)
Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}=1\\a^2+b^2=17\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=4\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (lưu ý loại cặp nghiệm âm do \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\) chỉ xác định trên miền (a;b) dương)
Câu 4:
\(\int\frac{3x+a}{x^2+4}dx=\frac{3}{2}\int\frac{2x}{x^2+4}dx+a\int\frac{1}{x^2+4}dx\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}ln\left(x^2+4\right)+\frac{a}{2}arctan\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)+C\)
\(\Rightarrow a=2\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^{\frac{e}{4}}_1ln\left(x\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{1}{x}dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x.lnx|^{\frac{e}{4}}_1-\int\limits^{\frac{e}{4}}_1dx=\frac{e}{4}.ln\left(\frac{e}{4}\right)-\frac{e}{4}+1=-\frac{ln\left(2^e\right)}{2}+1\)
Câu 5:
\(f'\left(x\right)=\int f''\left(x\right)dx=-\frac{1}{4}\int x^{-\frac{3}{2}}dx=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+C\)
\(f'\left(2\right)=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+C=2+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\Rightarrow C=2\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+2\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\int f'\left(x\right)dx=\int\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+2\right)dx=\sqrt{x}+2x+C_1\)
\(f\left(4\right)=\sqrt{4}+2.4+C_1=10\Rightarrow C_1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=2x+\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow F\left(x\right)=\int f\left(x\right)dx=\int\left(2x+\sqrt{x}\right)dx=x^2+\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{x^3}+C_2\)
\(F\left(1\right)=1+\frac{2}{3}+C_2=1+\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow C_2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow F\left(x\right)=x^2+\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{x^3}\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left(x^2+\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{x^3}\right)dx=\frac{3}{5}\)
5.
\(y'=1-\frac{4}{\left(x-3\right)^2}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=2\\x-3=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=1< 3\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
BBT:
Từ BBT ta có \(y_{min}=y\left(5\right)=7\)
\(\Rightarrow m=7\)
3.
\(y'=-2x^2-6x+m\)
Hàm đã cho nghịch biến trên R khi và chỉ khi \(y'\le0;\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta'=9+2m\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow m\le-\frac{9}{2}\)
4.
\(y'=x^2-mx-2m-3\)
Hàm đồng biến trên khoảng đã cho khi và chỉ khi \(y'\ge0;\forall x>-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-mx-2m-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3\ge m\left(x+2\right)\Leftrightarrow m\le\frac{x^2-3}{x+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\le\min\limits_{x>-2}\frac{x^2-3}{x+2}\)
Xét \(g\left(x\right)=\frac{x^2-3}{x+2}\) trên \(\left(-2;+\infty\right)\Rightarrow g'\left(x\right)=\frac{x^2+4x+3}{\left(x+2\right)^2}=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
\(g\left(-1\right)=-2\Rightarrow m\le-2\)
\(A=17\frac{2}{31}-\left(\frac{15}{17}+6\frac{2}{31}\right)=\left(17\frac{2}{31}-6\frac{2}{31}\right)-\frac{15}{17}=11-\frac{15}{17}=10+\left(1-\frac{15}{17}\right)=10\frac{2}{17}\)
\(B=\left(31\frac{6}{13}-36\frac{6}{13}\right)+5\frac{9}{41}=-5+5\frac{9}{41}=\frac{9}{41}\)
C=\(\left(27\frac{51}{59}-7\frac{51}{59}\right)+\frac{1}{3}=20+\frac{1}{3}=20\frac{1}{3}\)
\(D=\left(13\frac{29}{31}-2\frac{28}{31}\right)+\left(4-3\frac{7}{8}\right)=11\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{8}=11\frac{8+31}{31.8}=11\frac{39}{248}\)