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14.
\(log_aa^2b^4=log_aa^2+log_ab^4=2+4log_ab=2+4p\)
15.
\(\frac{1}{2}log_ab+\frac{1}{2}log_ba=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow log_ab+\frac{1}{log_ab}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow log_a^2b-2log_ab+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(log_ab-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow log_ab=1\Rightarrow a=b\)
16.
\(2^a=3\Rightarrow log_32^a=1\Rightarrow log_32=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(log_3\sqrt[3]{16}=log_32^{\frac{4}{3}}=\frac{4}{3}log_32=\frac{4}{3a}\)
11.
\(\Leftrightarrow1>\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^x\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^{x+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^{2x+2}< 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2< 0\Rightarrow x< -1\)
\(\Rightarrow\) có \(-2+2020+1=2019\) nghiệm
12.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2>0\\0< log_3\left(x-2\right)< 1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>2\\1< x-2< 3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow3< x< 5\Rightarrow b-a=2\)
13.
\(4^x=t>0\Rightarrow t^2-5t+4\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t\le1\\t\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4^x\le1\\4^x\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le0\\x\ge1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 3:
Áp dụng các hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ ta có:
$C=a^4+b^4=(a^2+b^2)^2-2a^2b^2$
$=[(a+b)^2-2ab]^2-2(ab)^2$
$=(8^2-2.15)^2-2.15^2=706$
Bài 2:
a)
$D=-x^2+6x-11=-11-(x^2-6x)=-2-(x^2-6x+9)$
$=-2-(x-3)^2$
Vì $(x-3)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x$ nên $D=-2-(x-3)^2\leq -2$
Vậy GTLN của $D$ là $-2$ khi $(x-3)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=3$
b)
$F=4x-x^2+1=1-(x^2-4x)=5-(x^2-4x+4)=5-(x-2)^2$
$\leq 5-0=5$
Vậy $F_{\max}=5$. Giá trị này được khi $(x-2)^2=0\leftrightarrow x=2$
a/ \(I=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{1}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}dx=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+1}-\dfrac{1}{x^2+3}\right)dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(arctanx-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}arctan\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\right)|^1_0=\dfrac{\pi}{8}-\dfrac{\pi\sqrt{3}}{36}\)
b/ \(I=\int\dfrac{x^2-1}{x^4+1}dx=\int\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{x^2}}{x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}dx\)
Đặt \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}=t\Rightarrow\left(1-\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)dx=dt\) ; \(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}=t^2-2\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{t^2-2}=\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{t-\sqrt{2}}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right|+C=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{x^2-\sqrt{2}x+1}{x^2+\sqrt{2}x+1}\right|+C\)
c/ \(I=\int\dfrac{dx}{x\left(x^3+1\right)}=\int\dfrac{x^2dx}{x^3\left(x^3+1\right)}\)
Đặt \(x^3+1=t\Rightarrow3x^2dx=dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-1\right)t}=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t-1}-\dfrac{1}{t}\right)dt=\dfrac{1}{3}ln\left|\dfrac{t-1}{t}\right|+C\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{3}ln\left|\dfrac{x^3}{x^3+1}\right|+C\)
d/ \(I=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{xdx}{x^4+x^2+1}\)
Đặt \(x^2=t\Rightarrow2xdx=dt\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=0\\x=1\Rightarrow t=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{t^2+t+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{\left(t+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{\dfrac{4}{3}\left(t+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+1}\)
Đặt \(t+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}tanu\Rightarrow dt=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\dfrac{du}{cos^2u}\); \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0\Rightarrow u=\dfrac{\pi}{6}\\t=1\Rightarrow u=\dfrac{\pi}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\int\limits^{\dfrac{\pi}{3}}_{\dfrac{\pi}{6}}\dfrac{du}{cos^2u\left(tan^2u+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\int\limits^{\dfrac{\pi}{3}}_{\dfrac{\pi}{6}}du=\dfrac{\pi\sqrt{3}}{18}\)
\(\int\left(x^3+x\right)dx=\frac{x^4}{4}+\frac{x^2}{2}+C\)
Chọn D
Câu a)
\(\int \frac{1}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\sin ^2x+\cos^2x}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos^4x}dx+\int \frac{1}{\cos^2x}dx\)
Xét \(\int \frac{1}{\cos^2x}dx=\int d(\tan x)=\tan x+c\)
Xét \(\int \frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\tan ^2x}{\cos^2x}dx=\int \tan^2xd(\tan x)=\frac{\tan ^3x}{3}+c\)
Vậy :
\(\int \frac{1}{\cos ^4x}dx=\frac{\tan ^3x}{3}+\tan x+c\)
\(\Rightarrow \int ^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{dx}{\cos^4 x}=\)\(\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{3}\\ \frac{\pi}{6}\end{matrix}\right|\left ( \frac{\tan ^3 x}{3}+\tan x+c \right )=\frac{44}{9\sqrt{3}}\)
Câu b)
\(\int \frac{(x+1)^2}{x^2+1}dx=\int \frac{x^2+1+2x}{x^2+1}dx=\int dx+\int \frac{2xdx}{x^2+1}\)
\(=x+c+\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{x^2+1}=x+\ln (x^2+1)+c\)
Do đó:
\(\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{(x+1)^2}{x^2+1}dx=\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|(x+\ln (x^2+1)+c)=\ln 2+1\)
Câu c)
\(\int \frac{x^2+2\ln x}{x}dx=\int xdx+2\int \frac{2\ln x}{x}dx\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{2}+c+2\int \ln xd(\ln x)\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{2}+c+\ln ^2x\)
\(\Rightarrow \int ^{2}_{1}\frac{x^2+2\ln x}{x}dx=\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|\left ( \frac{x^2}{2}+\ln ^2x +c \right )=\frac{3}{2}+\ln ^22\)
Câu d)
\(\int^{2}_{1} \frac{x^2+3x+1}{x^2+x}dx=\int ^{2}_{1}dx+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{2x+1}{x^2+x}dx\)
\(=\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|x+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{d(x^2+x)}{x^2+x}=1+\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|\ln |x^2+x|=1+\ln 6-\ln 2\)
\(=1+\ln 3\)
Đáp án A