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1.nhan xet
voi a thuoc Z
\(\left[\sqrt{a^2}\right]=\left[\sqrt{a^2+1}\right]=...=\left[\sqrt{a^2+2a}\right]\)
do do\(\left[\sqrt{a^2}\right]+\left[\sqrt{a^2+1}\right]+...+\left[\sqrt{a^2+2a}\right]=\frac{2a\left(2a+1\right)}{2}=a\left(2a+1\right)\)
thay a=1 cho den 10
tu tinh ra 825
Ta có \(\left[\dfrac{34x+19}{11}\right]=\left[\dfrac{33x+11}{11}+\dfrac{x+8}{11}\right]=\left[x+1+\dfrac{x+8}{11}\right]\)
Nếu \(x< -19\) thì \(\left[\dfrac{34x+19}{11}\right]< 2x+1\) , vô lí.
Nếu \(-19\le x< -8\) thì \(-1\le\dfrac{x+8}{11}< 0\) nên \(\left[x+1+\dfrac{x+8}{11}\right]=x\), suy ra \(x=2x+1\) \(\Rightarrow x=-1\), loại.
Nếu \(-8\le x< 3\) thì \(0\le\dfrac{x+8}{11}< 1\) nên \(\left[x+1+\dfrac{x+8}{11}\right]=x+1\), suy ra \(x+1=2x+1\Leftrightarrow x=0\) (thỏa mãn)
Nếu \(x\ge3\) thì \(\dfrac{34x+19}{11}>2x+2\) hay \(\left[\dfrac{34x+19}{11}\right]\ge2x+2>2x+1\), vô lí.
Vậy \(x=0\)
đặt \(a=5+2\sqrt{6}\).ta sẽ chứng minh với dạng tổng quát \(\left[a^n\right]\)là 1 số tự nhiên lẻ.
ta có: \(a^n=\left(5+2\sqrt{6}\right)^n=x+y\sqrt{6}\)(x,y là các số tự nhiên) (*)
đặt \(b=5-2\sqrt{6}\Rightarrow b^n=x-y\sqrt{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^n+b^n=2x\)
mà \(0< b=5-2\sqrt{6}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow0< b^n< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x-1< a^n=2x-b^n< 2x\)
nên \(\left[a^n\right]=2x-1\)lẻ vì x nguyên.
p/s:(*) : thử \(\left(5+2\sqrt{6}\right)^2,\left(5+2\sqrt{6}\right)^3\)đều có dạng \(A+B\sqrt{6}\)
Ta có:
\(P=\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)^7+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)^7\)
\(P=2^7+7.2^6\sqrt{2}+21.2^5\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2+...+7.2\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^6+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^7\)\(+2^7-7.2^6\sqrt{2}+21.2^5\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2-...+7.2\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^6-\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^7\)
\(P=2.2^7+2.21.2^5.\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2+2.35.2^3.\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^4+2.7.2.\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^6\)
\(P=2^8+21.2^7+35.2^6+7.2^5\)
\(P=5408\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)^7=5408-\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)^7\)
Do \(0< \left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)^7< 1\) nên suy ra \(5047< \left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)^7< 5048\)
Vậy số nguyên lớn nhất không vượt quá \(\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)^7\) là 5047.
(Sau này ta kí hiệu như thế này cho gọn.)
a) \(A=\left(1-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}+2\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2}{2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}+\dfrac{4}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{2-\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{2}:\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)+4}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{3}}{2}.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}+3}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\sqrt{3}\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}{2}\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2>0\\2>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}{2}>0\) hay A>0
=> A có căn bậc 2
Vậy......
b)\(B=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{1-\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{5}}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)}-\sqrt{5}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}\right)}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(3-1\right)}{1-3}-\sqrt{5}\right).\dfrac{5-2}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\left(-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right).\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=-\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\right).\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=-3\)
Vì -3 < 0 hay B < 0
=> B không có căn bậc 2
Vậy.....
\(C=\dfrac{9+2\sqrt{x}}{2+3\sqrt{x}}\Rightarrow2C+3C\sqrt{x}=9+2\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\left(3C-2\right)=9-2C\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{9-2C}{3C-2}\ge0\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{3}< C\le\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Mà C nguyên \(\Rightarrow C=\left\{1;2;3;4\right\}\)
- Với \(C=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{9-2C}{3C-2}=7\Rightarrow x=49\)
- Với \(C=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{9-2.2}{3.2-2}=\dfrac{5}{4}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{25}{16}\)
... tương tự
C=9+2√x2+3√x⇒2C+3C√x=9+2√x
⇒√x(3C−2)=9−2C
⇒√x=9−2C3C−2≥0⇒23<C≤92
Mà C nguyên ⇒C={1;2;3;4}
- Với C=1⇒√x=9−2C3C−2=7⇒x=49
- Với C=2⇒√x=9−2.23.2−2=54⇒x=2516
\(\left(\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{6+2\sqrt{5}}{4}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{1+5+2\sqrt{5}}{4}\right)^2=\left[\dfrac{\left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)^2}{4}\right]^2\)
Towis ddaay thifsao nuwaxnhir
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