Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
A.\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\) \(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+1-n\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
=\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
b. ap dungtinh B =\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=1-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{9}{10}\)
Ta có :
\(\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{n^2}=\left|n+1\right|+\left|n\right|=\frac{\left[\left|n+1\right|+\left|n\right|\right]\left[\left|n+1\right|-\left|n\right|\right]}{\left|n+1\right|-\left|n\right|}\)
\(=\frac{\left|n+1\right|^2-\left|n\right|^2}{\left|n+1\right|-\left|n\right|}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2}{\left(n+1\right)-n}=\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2\)(đpcm)
Ta sẽ chứng minh bằng quy nạp :
Dễ thấy BĐT đúng với n = 1,2
Giả sử BĐT đúng với n = k (k là số tự nhiên) , tức \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}\le k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh BĐT cũng đúng với n = k+1 , tức là \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k+1}\le\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\le k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}+\sqrt{k+1}\)
Cần chứng minh \(k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}+\sqrt{k+1}\le\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)
Điều này tương đương với \(k\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{k+1}\le\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{k+1}\left(\sqrt{k^2+3k+2}-\sqrt{2}-k\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{k^2+3k+2}\ge k+\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{k^2+3k+2}\right)^2\ge\left(k+\sqrt{2}\right)^2\) (Vì k là số tự nhiên)
\(\Leftrightarrow k^2+3k+2\ge k^2+2\sqrt{2}k+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3k\ge2\sqrt{2}k\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy giả thiết quy nạp đúng.
Ta có điều phải chứng minh.
Ngoài cách của Hoàng Lê Bảo Ngọc, mình sẽ giải cho bạn cách khác
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiakopski:
\(\left(x_1+x_2+x_3+...+x_n\right)^2\le n\left(x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2+...+x_n^2\right)\)
Suy ra ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n}\right)^2\le n.\left(1+2+3+...+n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n}\right)^2\le n.\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
Do đó:
\(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n}\le\sqrt{\frac{n^2\left(n+1\right)}{2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n}\le n.\sqrt{\frac{n+1}{2}}\)(đpcm)
Lời giải
Với mọi $n\in\mathbb{N}$ ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}> \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}> \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
.....
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}> \underbrace{\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}}_{\text{n số}}=\frac{n}{\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}\)
(chứng minh xong vế 1)
Vế 2:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{0}+\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}}{1-0}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+...+\frac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}}{n-(n-1)}\)
\(=\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+...+\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}=\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\sqrt{n}\) (đpcm)
Vậy....
ĐK \(\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge0\\a\ne1\end{cases}}\)
a. Ta có \(P=\frac{3a+3\sqrt{a}-3}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{\sqrt{a}-1}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}+2}-1\)
\(=\frac{3a+3\sqrt{a}-3-\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)+\sqrt{a}-1-a-\sqrt{a}+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3a+3\sqrt{a}-3-a+4+\sqrt{a}-1-a-\sqrt{a}+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}=\frac{a+3\sqrt{a}+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
b. Để \(\left|P\right|=2\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}P=2\\P=-2\end{cases}}\)
Với \(P=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}+1=2\sqrt{a}-2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}=3\Rightarrow a=9\)
Với \(P=-2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}+1=2-2\sqrt{a}\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow a=\frac{1}{9}\)
c. Ta có \(P=\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}=1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
Để \(P\in N\Rightarrow P\in Z\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}-1\in\left\{-2;-1;1;2\right\}\)
| \(\sqrt{a}-1\) | \(-2\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(2\) |
| \(\sqrt{a}\) | \(-1\) | \(0\) | \(2\) | \(3\) |
| \(a\) | \(0\) | \(4\) | \(9\) | |
| \(\left(l\right)\) | \(\left(tm\right)\) | \(\left(tm\right)\) | \(\left(tm\right)\) |
Vậy \(x\in\left\{0;4;9\right\}\)thì \(P\in N\)
N=\(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9}{x-5\sqrt{x}+6}+\frac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}+\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{2-\sqrt{x}}\)
= \(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9}{x-2\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}+6}+\frac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}-\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
= \(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)-3\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}+\frac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
= \(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}+\frac{\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
ĐKXĐ : x ≠ 4 ; x ≠ 9
Rút gọn :
=\(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}+\frac{\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
= \(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9+\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(2\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
=\(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9+\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
= \(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9+x-2\sqrt{x}+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
= \(\frac{x-5}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
Để N =5 thì :
<=> \(\frac{x-5}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\) =5
<=> x-5 = \(\left(5\sqrt{x}-10\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\)
<=> x-5 = 5x - \(15\sqrt{x}\) - \(10\sqrt{x}\) +30
<=> x-5x-25\(\sqrt{x}\) =35
a) \(\sqrt{x}\ne3;\sqrt{x}\ne2\Rightarrow x\ne4;x\ne9\)
\(N=\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9}{x-5\sqrt{x}+6}+\frac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}+\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{2-\sqrt{x}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow N=\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}+\frac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}-\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow N=\frac{2\sqrt{x}-9+2x-3\sqrt{x}-2-x+9}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow N=\frac{x-\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
b) \(N=5\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+1=5\sqrt{x}-15\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=4\Rightarrow x=16\) (thỏa mãn)
c) \(N=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-5}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-5+6}{\sqrt{x}-5}=1+\frac{6}{\sqrt{x}-5}\)
để N \(\in\) Z thì \(\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)\inƯ\left(6\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm3;\pm6\right\}\)
| \(\sqrt{x}-5\) | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 | 3 | -3 | 6 | -6 |
| x | 36 | 16 | 49 | 9 | 64 | 4 | 121 | loại |