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Ta có A=\(+b+c+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=a+\dfrac{4}{a}+b+\dfrac{9}{b}+c+\dfrac{16}{c}-\dfrac{4}{a}-\dfrac{8}{b}-\dfrac{15}{c}\)\(\ge2\sqrt{a.\dfrac{4}{a}}+2\sqrt{b.\dfrac{9}{b}}+2\sqrt{c.\dfrac{16}{c}}-\dfrac{4}{2}-\dfrac{8}{3}-\dfrac{15}{4}=4+6+8-2-\dfrac{8}{3}-\dfrac{15}{4}=\dfrac{115}{12}\)
dấu = xảy ra <=> a=2,b=3,c=4
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương , ta có :
\(a+\dfrac{1}{4a}\text{ ≥}2\sqrt{a.\dfrac{1}{4a}}=2.\dfrac{1}{2}=1\)
\(b+\dfrac{1}{4b}\text{ ≥}2\sqrt{b.\dfrac{1}{4b}}=2.\dfrac{1}{2}=1\)
\(c+\dfrac{1}{4c}\text{ ≥}2\sqrt{c.\dfrac{1}{4c}}=2.\dfrac{1}{2}=1\)
⇒ \(a+b+c+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\text{ ≥}3\)
⇔ \(a+b+c+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\text{ ≥}3+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\text{ ≥ }3+\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=3+\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\text{ ≥}3+\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{9}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{15}{2}\) ⇒ \(A_{MIN}=\dfrac{15}{2}."="\text{⇔}a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
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\(H=\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{81}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{81}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
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Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}\geq \frac{4}{2ab+a^2+b^2}=\frac{4}{a+b)^2}=4(1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(1=a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow ab\leq \frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow \frac{3}{2ab}\geq 6(2)\)
\(a^4+b^4\geq \frac{(a^2+b^2)^2}{2}\geq \frac{(\frac{(a+b)^2}{2})^2}{2}=\frac{1}{8}\) \(\Rightarrow \frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\geq \frac{1}{16}(3)\)
Từ \((1);(2);(3)\Rightarrow P\geq 4+6+\frac{1}{16}=\frac{161}{16}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{161}{16}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra tại $a=b=0,5$
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(2\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)\geq 2. \frac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}=\frac{8}{(x+y)^2}=\frac{9}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{80}{81xy}+5xy\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{80}{81}.5}=\frac{40}{9}\)
\(\frac{4}{3}=a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow ab\leq \frac{4}{9}\Rightarrow \frac{1}{81ab}\geq \frac{1}{36}\)
Cộng những BĐT vừa cm được ở trên với nhau:
\(\Rightarrow A\geq \frac{9}{2}+\frac{40}{9}+\frac{1}{36}=\frac{323}{36}\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=\frac{323}{36}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{2}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô si cho hai số thực không âm ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a-1}+4\left(a-1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{a-1}\times4\left(a-1\right)}=4a\) (1)
\(\dfrac{2b^2}{b-1}+8\left(b-1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2b^2}{b-1}\times8\left(b-1\right)}=8b\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3c^2}{c-1}+12\left(c-1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3c^2}{c-1}\times12\left(c-1\right)}=12c\) (3)
Cộng (1),(2) và (3) vế theo vế ta được :\(P+4a+8b+12c-24\)\(\ge4a+8b+12c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge24\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :a=b=c=2
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của P=\(\dfrac{a^2}{a-1}+\dfrac{2b^2}{b-1}+\dfrac{3c^2}{c-1}\) là 24 khi a=b=c=2
P=\(\dfrac{a^2-1+1}{a-1}+\dfrac{2b^2-2+2}{b-1}+\dfrac{3c^2-3+3}{c-1}\)
=\(\left(a+1+\dfrac{1}{a-1}\right)+\left(2\left(b+1\right)+\dfrac{2}{b-1}\right)+\left(3\left(c+1\right)+\dfrac{3}{c-1}\right)\)
=\(\left(a-1+\dfrac{1}{a-1}\right)+\left(2\left(b-1\right)+\dfrac{2}{b-1}\right)+\left(3\left(c-1\right)+\dfrac{3}{c-1}\right)+12\)áp dụng cosi là đc
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Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(A=\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}+\frac{b+1}{c^2+1}+\frac{c+1}{a^2+1}\)
\(=(a+1)-\frac{b^2(a+1)}{b^2+1}+(b+1)-\frac{c^2(b+1)}{c^2+1}+(c+1)-\frac{a^2(c+1)}{a^2+1}\)
\(=(a+b+c+3)-\underbrace{\left(\frac{b^2(a+1)}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2(b+1)}{c^2+1}+\frac{a^2(c+1)}{a^2+1}\right)}_{M}\)
\(=6-\underbrace{\left(\frac{b^2(a+1)}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2(b+1)}{c^2+1}+\frac{a^2(c+1)}{a^2+1}\right)}_{M}(*)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(M\leq \frac{b^2(a+1)}{2b}+\frac{c^2(b+1)}{2c}+\frac{a^2(c+1)}{2a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\leq \frac{a+b+c+ab+bc+ac}{2}=\frac{3+ab+bc+ac}{2}\)
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM:
\(3(ab+bc+ac)\leq (a+b+c)^2=9\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq 3\)
Do đó: \(M\leq \frac{3+3}{2}=3(**)\)
Từ \((*); (**)\Rightarrow A\geq 6-3=3\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=3\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:\(A=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}}+\dfrac{4}{a^2+2ab+b^2}\)
\(A\ge2+4=6\)
"="<=>a=b=0,5
Vậy MINA=6<=>a=b=0,5
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 3:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:
\((2x+3y)^2\leq (2x^2+3y^2)(2+3)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2\leq 5(2x^2+3y^2)\leq 5.5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2\leq 25\Leftrightarrow A^2-25\leq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (A-5)(A+5)\leq 0\Leftrightarrow -5\leq A\leq 5\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=-5\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(-1;-1)\)
\(A_{\max}=5\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
Bài 4:
Lời giải:
\(B=\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{5-x}\)
\(\Rightarrow B^2=(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{5-x})^2=4+2\sqrt{(x-1)(5-x)}\)
Vì \(\sqrt{(x-1)(5-x)}\geq 0\Rightarrow B^2\geq 4\)
Mặt khác \(B\geq 0\)
Kết hợp cả hai điều trên suy ra \(B\geq 2\)
Vậy \(B_{\min}=2\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \((x-1)(5-x)=0\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{1;5\right\}\)
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\(A=\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\sqrt{x^2-x+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2=2x^2+2+2\sqrt{(x^2+x+1)(x^2-x+1)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2=2x^2+2+2\sqrt{(x^2+1)^2-x^2}=2x^2+2+2\sqrt{x^4+1+x^2}\)
Vì \(x^2\geq 0\forall x\in\mathbb{R}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2\geq 2+2\sqrt{1}\Leftrightarrow A^2\geq 4\)
Mà $A$ là một số không âm nên từ \(A^2\geq 4\Rightarrow A\geq 2\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=2\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
Ta chứng minh bđt: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{x-1}}\ge2\)
Thật vậy ta có: \(x=\left(x-1\right)+1\ge2\sqrt{x-1}\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Về bài toán, ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b-1}+\frac{b^2}{b-1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{a-1}.\frac{b^2}{b-1}}=2.\frac{a}{\sqrt{a-1}}.\frac{b}{\sqrt{b-1}}\ge8\)
P/s: Ko chắc
\(\frac{a^2}{a-1}+\frac{^2b}{b-1}\)\(min\)
\(\Rightarrow\)a-1 min,b-1 min
mà a,b>1\(\Rightarrow\)a-1,b-1>0\(\Rightarrow\)a-1,b-1=1\(\Rightarrow\)a,b=2
vậy