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E = \(\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) = \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
E = \(\sqrt{x}+1+\sqrt{x}\) = \(2\sqrt{x}+1\)
F = \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{3-\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{3-11\sqrt{x}}{x-9}\)
F = \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}-\dfrac{3-11\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
F = \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)-\left(3-11\sqrt{x}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
F = \(\dfrac{2x-6\sqrt{x}+x+3\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}+3-3+11\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
F = \(\dfrac{3x+9\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
G = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+2}+\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}-4}{4-x}\)
G = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+2}-\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}-4}{x-4}\)
G = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+2}-\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}-4}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
G = \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)-\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)-\left(4\sqrt{x}-4\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
G = \(\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{x}+6-\left(x-2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}+2\right)-\left(4\sqrt{x}-4\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
G = \(\dfrac{x+5\sqrt{x}+6-x+2\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-2-4\sqrt{x}+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
G = \(\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}+8}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
Tất cả 3 bài này đều chung một dạng, bậc tử lớn hơn bậc mẫu nên đều không tồn tại GTLN mà chỉ tồn tại GTNN. Cách tìm thường là chia tử cho mẫu rồi khéo léo thêm bớt để sử dụng BĐT Cô-si
a) \(P=\dfrac{x+4}{4\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{4}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{4}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}}=2.\dfrac{1}{2}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=1\) khi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{4}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
b) \(P=\dfrac{x+3}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{2}\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}}-1=2-1=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=1\) khi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{2}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
c)ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\Rightarrow\) \(P=\dfrac{x-4}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\sqrt{x}-1-\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(P_{min}\) khi \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) đạt max \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+1\) đạt min, mà \(\sqrt{x}+1\ge1\) \(\forall x\ge0\) , dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=-4\) khi \(x=0\)
\(1.a.A=\left(1-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{1+\sqrt{x}}\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{3-\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x-5\sqrt{x}+6}\right)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\dfrac{x-9-x+4+\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\sqrt{x}-3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\left(x\ge0;x\ne4;x\ne9\right)\)
\(b.A< 0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-2< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x< 4\)
Kết hợp với ĐKXĐ , ta có : \(0\le x< 4\)
KL............
\(2.\) Tương tự bài 1.
\(3a.A=\dfrac{1}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{1}{x-2.\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}}=\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}}\le\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{Max}=\dfrac{4}{3}."="\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
a: \(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+26\sqrt{x}-19-2x-6\sqrt{x}+x-4\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-x+16\sqrt{x}-16}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{x+16}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
b: Khi x=7-4căn 3 thì \(P=\dfrac{7-4\sqrt{3}+16}{2-\sqrt{3}+3}\simeq4.92\)
d: Để P=7 thì \(x+16=7\sqrt{x}+21\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-7\sqrt{x}-5=0\)
hay \(x=\dfrac{59+7\sqrt{69}}{2}\)
a: ĐKXĐ: x>=0; x<>1
\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(1-x\right)^2}{x+1}:\left[\left(x-2\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x+2\sqrt{x}+1\right)\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(x-1\right)^2}{x+1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x+1}\)
b: Để B=2/5 thì \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x+1}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-5\sqrt{x}+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
=>x=1/4 hoặc x=4
c: Thay \(x=12-6\sqrt{3}=\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)^2\) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{3}}{12-6\sqrt{3}+1}=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{3}}{13-6\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{21+5\sqrt{3}}{61}\)
Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ: \(x\geq 0, x\neq 1\)
Ta có:
\(A=\frac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{x+2\sqrt{x}+3}-\frac{3\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\frac{2\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
\(=\frac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{x+2\sqrt{x}+3}-\frac{(3\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+3)}{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+3)}-\frac{(2\sqrt{x}+3)(\sqrt{x}-1)}{(\sqrt{x}+3)(\sqrt{x}-1)}\)
\(=\frac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+3)}-\frac{3x+7\sqrt{x}-6}{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+3)}-\frac{2x+\sqrt{x}-3}{(\sqrt{x}+3)(\sqrt{x}-1)}\)
\(=\frac{15\sqrt{x}-11-3x-7\sqrt{x}+6-2x-\sqrt{x}+3}{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+3)}\)
\(=\frac{-5x+7\sqrt{x}-2}{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+3)}=\frac{(\sqrt{x}-1)(2-5\sqrt{x})}{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+3)}=\frac{2-5\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
b)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow \frac{2-5\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(2-5\sqrt{x})=\sqrt{x}+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 1=11\sqrt{x}\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{121}\)
c)
\(A=\frac{2-5\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\frac{17-5(\sqrt{x}+3)}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\frac{17}{\sqrt{x}+3}-5\)
Ta thấy: \(\sqrt{x}\geq 0\Rightarrow \sqrt{x}+3\geq 3\Rightarrow A=\frac{17}{\sqrt{x}+3}-5\leq \frac{17}{3}-5=\frac{2}{3}\)
Vậy \(A_{\max}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=0$
TXĐ: \(x\ge0\)
a/ Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=t\ge0\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{t-1}{t^2+2}\Leftrightarrow Pt^2-t+2P+1=0\) (1)
Ta tìm điều kiện P để (1) có ít nhất một nghiệm không âm
(*) \(\Delta\ge0\Rightarrow1-4P\left(2P+1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow-8P^2-4P+1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{3}}{4}\le P\le\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
(**)Để phương trình có 2 nghiệm đều âm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2P+1}{P}>0\\\dfrac{1}{P}< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow P< \dfrac{-1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Để có ít nhất một nghiệm không âm thì \(P\ge\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
Kết hợp (*) và (**) ta được: \(\dfrac{-1}{2}\le P\le\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\dfrac{-1}{2}\) và \(P_{max}=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
b/ TXĐ: \(x\ge0\)
\(P=1-\dfrac{1}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)
Để \(P_{min}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\) đạt max, mà \(x+\sqrt{x}+1\ge1\) \(\forall x\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\le1\) \(\forall x\ge0\) \(\Rightarrow P_{min}=1-1=0\)
Để \(P_{max}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\) đạt min \(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x}+1\) đạt max
Mà giá trị max của \(x+\sqrt{x}+1\) không tồn tại \(\Rightarrow P_{max}\) không tồn tại
ĐK: x\(\ge0,x\ne1\)
a) \(Q=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{x+2\sqrt{x}-3}+\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-2}{1-\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{x+2\sqrt{x}-3}-\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}-\dfrac{\left(3\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}-\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}-\dfrac{3x+7\sqrt{x}-6}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11-3x-7\sqrt{x}+6-2x-\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}=\dfrac{7\sqrt{x}-5x-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}=\dfrac{-5x+5\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}=\dfrac{-5\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(2-5\sqrt{x}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}=\dfrac{2-5\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
b) Ta có \(Q=0,5\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2-5\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}=0,5\Leftrightarrow2-5\sqrt{x}=0,5\sqrt{x}+1,5\Leftrightarrow0,5=5,5\sqrt{x}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{1}{11}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{121}\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{1}{121}\) thì \(Q=0,5\)
c) Ta có \(Q=\dfrac{2-5\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{-5\sqrt{x}-15+17}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{-5\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)+17}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{17}{\sqrt{x}+3}-5\)
Ta có \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+3\ge3\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{17}{\sqrt{x}+3}\le\dfrac{17}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{17}{\sqrt{x}+3}+\left(-5\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{17}{\sqrt{x}+3}-5\le\dfrac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow Q\le\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=0
Vậy GTLN của Q=\(\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Ta thấy: $\sqrt{x}\geq 0$ với mọi $x\geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x}+3\geq 3$
$\Rightarrow E=11+\frac{6}{\sqrt{x}+3}\leq 11+\frac{6}{3}=13$
Vậy GTLN của $E$ là $13$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=0$
$E$ không có giá trị nhỏ nhất.
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$F=\frac{\sqrt{x}+3-5}{\sqrt{x}+3}=1-\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}+3}$
Ở trên ta chỉ ra được: $\sqrt{x}+3\geq 3$
$\Rightarrow \frac{5}{\sqrt{x}+3}\leq \frac{5}{3}$
$\Rightarrow F=1-\frac{5}{3}\geq 1-\frac{5}{3}=-\frac{2}{3}$
Vậy $F_{\min}=\frac{-2}{3}$ tại $x=0$