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1:
a: =x^2-7x+49/4-5/4
=(x-7/2)^2-5/4>=-5/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=7/2
b: =x^2+x+1/4-13/4
=(x+1/2)^2-13/4>=-13/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1/2
e: =x^2-x+1/4+3/4=(x-1/2)^2+3/4>=3/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=1/2
f: x^2-4x+7
=x^2-4x+4+3
=(x-2)^2+3>=3
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2
2:
a: A=2x^2+4x+9
=2x^2+4x+2+7
=2(x^2+2x+1)+7
=2(x+1)^2+7>=7
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1
b: x^2+2x+4
=x^2+2x+1+3
=(x+1)^2+3>=3
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1
\(a,-x^2+2x+5=-\left(x^2-2x-5\right)=-\left(x^2-2x+1-6\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^2+6\le6\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1=>Max A=6
\(b,B=-x^2-y^2+4x+4y+2=-x^2+4x-4-y^2+4x-4+10\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(y^2-4x+4\right)+10\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2+10=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\right]+10\le10\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=2=>Max B=10
\(c,C=x^2+y^2-2x+6y+12=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1,y=-3=>MinC=2
\(A=2n^2\left(2n-1\right)-3\left(2n-1\right)+2=\left(2n^2-3\right)\left(2n-1\right)+2\)
Do \(\left(2n^2-3\right)\left(2n-1\right)⋮2n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2⋮2n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2n-1=Ư\left(2\right)\)
Mà 2n-1 luôn lẻ \(\Rightarrow2n-1=\left\{-1;1\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow n=\left\{0;1\right\}\)
2.
\(Q=-\left(x^2+4x+4\right)-\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+7\)
\(Q=-\left(x+2\right)^2-\left(y-1\right)^2+7\le7\)
\(Q_{max}=7\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-2;1\right)\)
a, xem lại đề
\(b,x^2-4x+y^2-6y+1\\ =\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)-12\\ =\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2-12\ge-12\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
\(c,x^2-4xy+5y^2-2y+5\\ =\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+4\\ =\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+4\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
a,
b,x2−4x+y2−6y+1=(x2−4x+4)+(y2−6y+9)−12=(x−2)2+(y−3)2−12≥−12b,x2−4x+y2−6y+1=(x2−4x+4)+(y2−6y+9)−12=(x−2)2+(y−3)2−12≥−12
Dấu "=" xảy ra⇔{x=2y=3⇔{x=2y=3
Vậy ...
c,x2−4xy+5y2−2y+5=(x2−4xy+4y2)+(y2−2y+1)+4=(x−2y)2+(y−1)2+4≥4c,x2−4xy+5y2−2y+5=(x2−4xy+4y2)+(y2−2y+1)+4=(x−2y)2+(y−1)2+4≥4
Dấu "=" xảy ra⇔{x=2y=1⇔{x=2y=1
Vậy ...
\(a,M=x^2-4x+5=\left(x-2\right)^2+5\\ \Rightarrow M\ge5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(b,N=y^2-y-3=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{13}{4}\\ \Rightarrow N\ge-\dfrac{13}{4} \)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P=x^2+y^2-4x+y+7=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\\ \Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: M=x^2-4x+4+1
=(x-2)^2+1>=1
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2
b: N=y^2-y+1/4-13/4
=(y-1/2)^2-13/4>=-13/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi y=1/2
c: P=x^2-4x+4+y^2+y+1/4+11/4
=(x-2)^2+(y+1/2)^2+11/4>=11/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2 và y=-1/2
Áp dụng Bunyakovsky, ta có :
\(\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x.1+y.1\right)^2=1\)
=> \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(Min_C=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Mấy cái kia tương tự
\(1,A=x\left(x+1\right)+5\)
\(=x^2+x+5\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\)
Ta có : \(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\ge\dfrac{19}{4}\)
Dâu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(Min_A=\dfrac{19}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(2,B=-x^2-4x+9\)
\(=-\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+13\)
\(=-\left(x+2\right)^2+13\)
Ta có :\(\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow-\left(x+2\right)^2\le0\Rightarrow-\left(x+2\right)^2+13\le13\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
Vậy \(Max_B=13\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
\(3,C=x^2-4x+7+y^2+2y\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+2\)
Ta có :
\(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0;\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(Min_C=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(x\left(x+1\right)+5\)
\(=x^2+x+5\)
\(=x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(=\left[x^2+2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]+\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN của biểu thức trên bằng \(\dfrac{19}{4}\) khi \(x+\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
b) \(-x^2-4x+9\)
\(=-x^2-4x-4+13\)
\(=-\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+13\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2.x.2+2^2\right)+13\)
\(=-\left(x+2\right)^2+13\)
Vậy GTLN của biểu thức trên bằng \(13\) khi \(x+2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)