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a) \(A=x^2+x+1\)
\(A=x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(A=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Có: \(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi: \(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{2}=0\Rightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(Min_A=\frac{3}{4}\) tại \(x=-\frac{1}{2}\)
b) \(B=2+x-x^2\)
\(B=\frac{9}{4}-x^2+x-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(B=\frac{9}{4}-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\)
Có: \(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\frac{9}{4}-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi: \(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(Max_B=\frac{9}{4}\) tại \(x=\frac{1}{2}\)
c) \(C=x^2-4x+1\)
\(C=x^2-4x+4-3\)
\(C=\left(x-2\right)^2-3\)
Có: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi: \(\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x-2=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy: \(Min_C=-3\) tại \(x=2\)
Mấy bài kia tương tự, riêng bài g
g) \(G=h\left(h+1\right)\left(h+2\right)\left(h+3\right)\)
\(G=\left(h^2+3h\right)\left(h^2+3h+2\right)\)
Đặt: \(t=h^2+3h+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}h^2+3h=t-1\\h^2+3h+2=t+1\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(h^2+3h\right)\left(h^2+3h+2\right)=\left(t-1\right)\left(t+1\right)=t^2-1=\left(h^2+3h+1\right)^2-1\)
Có: \(\left(h^2+3h+1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(h^2+3h+1\right)^2-1\ge-1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi: \(\left(h^2+3h+1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow h^2+3h+1=0\Rightarrow\left(h+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{5}{4}=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}h=-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}-\frac{3}{2}\\h=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}-\frac{3}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy: \(Min_G=-1\) tại \(\orbr{\begin{cases}h=-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}-\frac{3}{2}\\h=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}-\frac{3}{2}\end{cases}}\)
a: Ta có: \(x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b: Ta có: \(-x^2+x+2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(a,x^2+x+1=\left(x^2+2.x.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{3}{4}=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì: \(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0,\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4},\forall x\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi : \(x+\frac{1}{2}=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy GTLN của biểu thức = 3/4 khi x=-1/2
\(b,2+x-x^2=-x^2+x+2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-x-2\right)=-\left(x^2-2.x.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{9}{4}\)
\(=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{9}{4}\)
Vì: \(-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0,\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{9}{4}\le\frac{9}{4},\forall x\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi: x-1/2=0 => x=1/2
Vậy GTNN của biểu thức = 9/4 khi x=1/2
\(c,x^2-4x+1=\left(x^2-2.x.2+4\right)-3=\left(x-2\right)^2-3\)
Vì \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0,\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3,\forall x\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x-2=0 => x=2
Vậy GTLN của biểu thức = -3 khi x=2
Các câu khác tương tự
\(d,4x^2+4x+11=\left[\left(2x\right)^2+2.2x.1+1\right]+10=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\)
Vì \(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0,\forall x\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10,\forall x\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0 => x=-1/2
Vậy GTNN của biểu thức =10 khi x=-1/2
\(e,3x^2-6x+1=3\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-2=3\left(x-1\right)^2-2\)
Vì \(3\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0,\forall x\Rightarrow3\left(x-1\right)^2-2\ge-2,\forall x\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x-1=0 => x=1
Vậy GTNN của biểu thức =-2 khi x=1
\(f,x^2-2x+y^2-4y+6=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0,\forall x;\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0,\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\ge1,\forall x,y\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy GTNN của biểu thức =1 khi x=1 và y=2
\(A=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4=\left(x-2\right)^2+4\ge4\)
\(minA=4\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(B=\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+2=\left(2x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(minB=2\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(C=3\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-8=3\left(x+1\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(minC=-8\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(D=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-4=-\left(x-1\right)^2-4\le-4\)
\(maxD=-4\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(E=-\left(4x^2-6x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{11}{4}=-\left(2x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{11}{4}\le-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(maxA=-\dfrac{11}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(F=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)-\dfrac{55}{8}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{55}{8}\le-\dfrac{55}{8}\)
\(maxF=-\dfrac{55}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(G=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2+y+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(maxG=\dfrac{3}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+16=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y+2\right)^2+16\le16\)
\(maxH=16\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 3:
a) Ta có: \(A=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
d) Ta có: \(D=x^2-2x+2\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+1>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a, \(A=-x^2-2x+3=-\left(x^2+2x-3\right)=-\left(x^2+2x+1-4\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+1\right)^2+4\le4\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = -1
Vậy GTLN là 4 khi x = -1
b, \(B=-4x^2+4x-3=-\left(4x^2-4x+3\right)=-\left(4x^2-4x+1+2\right)\)
\(=-\left(2x-1\right)^2-2\le-2\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 1/2
Vậy GTLN B là -2 khi x = 1/2
c, \(C=-x^2+6x-15=-\left(x^2-2x+15\right)=-\left(x^2-2x+1+14\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-14\le-14\)
Vâỵ GTLN C là -14 khi x = 1
Bài 8 :
b, \(B=x^2-6x+11=x^2-6x+9+2=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 3
Vậy GTNN B là 2 khi x = 3
c, \(x^2-x+1=x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 1/2
Vậy ...
c, \(x^2-12x+2=x^2-12x+36-34=\left(x-6\right)^2-34\ge-34\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 6
Vậy ...
\(A=\left[\frac{6x^2}{x^3-1}-\frac{2x-2}{x^2+x+1}-\frac{1}{x-1}\right]:\frac{x^2+9}{\left(x-1\right)\left(9-4x\right)}\)
\(=\left[\frac{6x^2}{x^3-1}-\frac{\left(2x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}-\frac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\right]\cdot\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(9-4x\right)}{x^2+9}\)
\(=\frac{6x^2-\left(2x^2-4x+2\right)-x^2-x-1}{\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\cdot\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(9-4x\right)}{x^2+9}\)
\(=\frac{5x^2-2x^2+4x-2-x-1}{\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\cdot\frac{\left(9-4x\right)}{x^2+9}\)
\(=\frac{3x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\cdot\frac{\left(9-4x\right)}{x^2+9}\)
Biểu thức A bạn viết đúng chưa?
a)\(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+10\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\)
Dấu = khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy MinA=10 khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
b)\(B=3x^2-6x+1\)
\(=3x^2-6x+3-2\)
\(=3\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-2\)
\(=3\left(x-1\right)^2-2\ge-2\)
Dấu = khi \(x=1\)
Vậy MinB=-2 khi \(x=1\)
c)\(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu = khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy MinC=1 khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-2\end{cases}}\)