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Lời giải:
\(\frac{1719}{3976}=\frac{1}{2+\frac{538}{1719}}=\frac{1}{2+\frac{1}{3+\frac{105}{538}}}=\frac{1}{2+\frac{1}{3+\frac{1}{5+\frac{13}{105}}}}=\frac{1}{2+\frac{1}{3+\frac{1}{5+\frac{1}{8+\frac{1}{13}}}}}\)
$\Rightarrow a=8; b=13$
\(\dfrac{1719}{3976}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3976}{1719}}=\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{538}{1719}}=\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1719}{538}}}=\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{1}{3+\dfrac{105}{538}}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{1}{3+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{538}{105}}}}=\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{1}{3+\dfrac{1}{5+\dfrac{13}{105}}}}=\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{1}{3+\dfrac{1}{5+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{105}{13}}}}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{1}{3+\dfrac{1}{5+\dfrac{1}{8+\dfrac{1}{13}}}}}\)
Từ giả thiết, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a}\ge1-\dfrac{1}{1+b}+1-\dfrac{1}{1+c}+1-\dfrac{1}{1+d}=\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{c+1}+\dfrac{d}{d+1}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b.c.d}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{cda}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân vế theo vế 4 BĐT vừa chứng minh rồi rút gọn ta được:
\(abcd\le\dfrac{1}{81}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}+\dfrac{d}{1+d}\le1-\dfrac{a}{1+a}=\dfrac{1}{1+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+a}\ge\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}+\dfrac{d}{1+d}\ge3\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{bcd}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+b}\ge3\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{acd}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+c}\ge3\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{abd}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+d}\ge3\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân vế với vế của các BĐT trên ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\ge81\dfrac{abcd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow81abcd\le1\Rightarrow abcd\le\dfrac{1}{81}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{16}{2a+3b+3c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{16}{2b+3a+3c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{16}{2c+3a+3b}\)
cộng tất cả lại ta được \(4.2017\ge16.\left(\dfrac{1}{2a+3b+3c}+\dfrac{1}{2b+3a+3c}+\dfrac{1}{2c+3a+3b}\right)< =>P\le\dfrac{2017}{4}\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}=\dfrac{1}{b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}=2017\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b=c\\\dfrac{3}{2a}=\dfrac{3}{2b}=\dfrac{3}{2c}=2017\end{matrix}\right.< =>a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4034}}\)
Ta có BĐT phụ \(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\ge4a+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\ge0\forall\dfrac{1}{4}< a< 0\)
Tương tự cho 3 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1-b}\ge4b+1;\dfrac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1-c}\ge4c+1;\dfrac{1+\sqrt{d}}{1-d}\ge4d+1\)
Cộng theo vế 4 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge4\left(a+b+c+d\right)+4=8=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Ta cần chứng minh :
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\ge4a+1\) \(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+\sqrt{a}\ge\left(4a+1\right)\left(1-a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+\sqrt{a}\ge4a-4a^2+1-a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2-4a-1+a+1+\sqrt{a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2-3a+\sqrt{a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4a^2-a\right)-\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2a+\sqrt{a}\right)-\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2a+\sqrt{a}-1\right)\ge0\)
Ta có: \(2a-\sqrt{a}=\left(\sqrt{2a}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{8}\ge0\) \(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(\left(2a+\sqrt{a}-1\right)=\left(\sqrt{2a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{8}\ge0\)
\(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
Vậy: \(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\ge4a+1\) \(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1-b}\ge4b+1\forall b\in\left(0;1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1-c}\ge4c+1\forall c\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{d}}{1-d}\ge4d+1\forall d\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
Cộng các BĐT vừa chứng minh, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1-b}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1-c}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{d}}{1-d}\ge4\left(a+b+c+d\right)+4=8\)
Vậy: Ta suy ra được điều phải chứng minh
\(\dfrac{25112012}{11}=2282911-\dfrac{9}{11}\Rightarrow a=2282911\)
\(\dfrac{9}{11}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{11}{9}}=\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{2}{9}}=\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{9}{2}}}=\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{4+\dfrac{1}{2}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow b=1;c=4;d=2\)