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a) \(\dfrac{2x+5}{2x+1}=\dfrac{2x+1+4}{2x+1}=\dfrac{2x+1}{2x+1}+\dfrac{4}{2x+1}=1+\dfrac{4}{2x+1}\)
Để \(\dfrac{2x+5}{2x+1}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{4}{2x+1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow4\) ⋮ \(2x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+1\inƯ\left(4\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3;3;-5\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;-1;\dfrac{1}{2};-\dfrac{3}{2};\dfrac{3}{2};-\dfrac{5}{2}\right\}\)
Mà x nguyên \(\Rightarrow\text{x}\in\left\{0;-1\right\}\)
b) \(\dfrac{3x+5}{x+1}=\dfrac{3x+3+2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3\left(x+1\right)+2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3\left(x+1\right)}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{x+1}=3+\dfrac{2}{x+1}\)
Để \(\dfrac{3x+5}{x+1}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{2}{x+1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow2\) ⋮ \(x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3\right\}\)
c) \(\dfrac{3x+8}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x-3+11}{x-1}=\dfrac{3\left(x-1\right)+11}{x-1}=\dfrac{3\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}+\dfrac{11}{x-1}=3+\dfrac{11}{x-1}\)
Để: \(\dfrac{3x+8}{x-1}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{11}{x-1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow11\) ⋮ \(x-1\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(11\right)=\left\{1;-1;11;-11\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{2;0;12;-10\right\}\)
d) \(\dfrac{5x+12}{x-2}=\dfrac{5x-10+22}{x-2}=\dfrac{5\left(x-2\right)+22}{x-2}=\dfrac{5\left(x-2\right)}{x-2}+\dfrac{22}{x-2}=5+\dfrac{22}{x-2}\)
Để: \(\dfrac{5x+12}{x-2}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{22}{x-2}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow22\) ⋮ \(x-2\)
\(\Rightarrow x-2\inƯ\left(22\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;11;-11;22;-22\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;13;-9;24;-20\right\}\)
e) \(\dfrac{7x-12}{x+16}=\dfrac{7x+112-124}{x+16}=\dfrac{7\left(x+16\right)-124}{x+16}=\dfrac{7\left(x+16\right)}{x+16}-\dfrac{124}{x+16}=7-\dfrac{124}{x+16}\)
Để \(\dfrac{7x-12}{x+16}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{124}{x+16}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow124\) ⋮ \(x+16\)
\(\Rightarrow x+16\inƯ\left(124\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4;31;-31;62;-62;124;-124\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-15;-17;-14;-18;-12;-20;15;-47;46;-78;108;-140\right\}\)
Để \(A\inℤ\) thì \(\left(4x-6\right)⋮\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x+2-8\right)⋮\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[2\left(2x+1\right)+8\right]⋮\left(2x+1\right)\)
Vì \(\left[2\left(2x+1\right)\right]⋮\left(2x+1\right)\) nên \(8⋮\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+1\inƯ\left(8\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm8\right\}\)
Mà 2x + 1 lẻ nên \(\Rightarrow2x+1\in\left\{\pm1\right\}\)
Lập bảng:
| \(2x+1\) | \(-1\) | 1\(\) |
| \(x\) | \(-1\) | \(0\) |
Vậy \(x\in\left\{-1;0\right\}\)
B,C,E tương tự
a, 117 - \(x\) = 28 - (-7)
117 - \(x\) = 28 + 7
117 - \(x\) = 35
\(x\) = 117 - 35
\(x\) = 82
b, \(x\) - (-38 - 2\(x\)) = (-3) - 8 + 2\(x\)
\(x\) + 38 + 2\(x\) = - 11 + 2\(x\)
3\(x\) + 38 = - 11 + 2\(x\)
3\(x\) - 2\(x\) = - 11 - 38
\(x\) = - 49
hộ C1: Tìm x biết
a 2x-35=15
=>2x=15+35=50
=>x=25
b 3x+17=2
=>3x=2-17=-15
=>x=5
c x+3/15=1/3
x=1/3-3/15=2/15
d x-12/4=1/2
x=1/2+12/4=7/2
a. 2x-35=15
2x=15+35
2x=50
x=50:2
x=25
Vậy x=25
b. 3x+17=2
3x=2-17
3x=-15
x=-15:3
x=-5
Vậy x=-5
c. \(\frac{x+3}{15}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow3x+9=15\)
\(3x=15-9\)
\(3x=6\)
\(x=6:3\)
\(x=3\)
Vậy x=3
d. \(\frac{x-12}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x-24=4\)
\(2x=4+24\)
\(2x=28\)
\(x=28:2\)
\(x=14\)
Vậy x=14
a, \(x-1\inƯ\left(-3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
| x-1 | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 |
| x | 2 | 0 | 4 | -2 |
b, \(2x-1\inƯ\left(-4\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4\right\}\)
| 2x-1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 | 4 | -4 |
| x | 1 | 0 | loại | loại | loại | loại |
c, \(\dfrac{3\left(x-1\right)+10}{x-1}=3+\dfrac{10}{x-1}\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(10\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm5;\pm10\right\}\)
| x-1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 | 5 | -5 | 10 | -10 |
| x | 2 | 0 | 3 | -1 | 6 | -4 | 11 | -9 |
d, \(\dfrac{4\left(x-3\right)+3}{-\left(x-3\right)}=-4-\dfrac{3}{x+3}\Rightarrow x+3\inƯ\left(-3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
| x+3 | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 |
| x | -2 | -4 | 0 | -6 |
\(\left(3x-1\right)⋮\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3-4\right)⋮\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(-4\right)⋮\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1\inƯ\left(-4\right)=\left\{-4;-1;1;4\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-5;-2;0;3\right\}\)