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b) Ta có : \(\dfrac{2a}{3}=\dfrac{3b}{4}=\dfrac{4c}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{c}{\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{49}{\dfrac{49}{12}}=12\)
Khi đó \(a=12.\dfrac{3}{2}=18;b=12.\dfrac{4}{3}=16;c=12.\dfrac{5}{4}=15\)
Vậy (a,b,c) = (18,16,15)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
=>\(a=bk;c=dk\)
1: \(\dfrac{2a+3c}{2b+3d}=\dfrac{2\cdot bk+3\cdot dk}{2b+3d}=\dfrac{k\left(2b+3d\right)}{2b+3d}=k\)
\(\dfrac{2a-3c}{2b-3d}=\dfrac{2bk-3dk}{2b-3d}=\dfrac{k\left(2b-3d\right)}{2b-3d}=k\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{2a+3c}{2b+3d}=\dfrac{2a-3c}{2b-3d}\)
2: \(\dfrac{4a-3b}{4c-3d}=\dfrac{4\cdot bk-3b}{4\cdot dk-3d}=\dfrac{b\left(4k-3\right)}{d\left(4k-3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{4a+3b}{4c+3d}=\dfrac{4bk+3b}{4dk+3d}=\dfrac{b\left(4k+3\right)}{d\left(4k+3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{4a-3b}{4c-3d}=\dfrac{4a+3b}{4c+3d}\)
3: \(\dfrac{3a+5b}{3a-5b}=\dfrac{3bk+5b}{3bk-5b}=\dfrac{b\left(3k+5\right)}{b\left(3k-5\right)}=\dfrac{3k+5}{3k-5}\)
\(\dfrac{3c+5d}{3c-5d}=\dfrac{3dk+5d}{3dk-5d}=\dfrac{d\left(3k+5\right)}{d\left(3k-5\right)}=\dfrac{3k+5}{3k-5}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{3a+5b}{3a-5b}=\dfrac{3c+5d}{3c-5d}\)
4: \(\dfrac{3a-7b}{b}=\dfrac{3bk-7b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(3k-7\right)}{b}=3k-7\)
\(\dfrac{3c-7d}{d}=\dfrac{3dk-7d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(3k-7\right)}{d}=3k-7\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{3a-7b}{b}=\dfrac{3c-7d}{d}\)
Bài 5 :
a) \(\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{9}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2=36\left(y\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\pm6\)
b) \(\dfrac{y+7}{20}=\dfrac{5}{y+7}\left(y\ne-7\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+7\right)^2=100=10^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y+7=10\\y+7=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=3\\y=-17\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\dfrac{4-5y}{3}=\dfrac{y+2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow5\left(4-5y\right)=3\left(y+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow20-25y=3y+6\)
\(\Rightarrow28y=14\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{14}{28}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 4 :
\(\dfrac{a}{5}=\dfrac{b}{7}=\dfrac{c}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a}{10}=\dfrac{3b}{21}=\dfrac{4c}{40}=\dfrac{2a+3b-4c}{10+21-40}=\dfrac{81}{-9}=-9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-9.5=-45\\b=-9.7=-63\\c=-9.10=-90\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tìm các số a, b, c biết rằng :
1 . Ta có: \(\frac{a}{20}=\frac{b}{9}=\frac{c}{6}=\frac{a}{20}=\frac{2b}{9.2}=\frac{4c}{6.4}=\frac{a}{20}=\frac{2b}{18}=\frac{4c}{24}\)
Ap dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bắng nhau ta dược :
\(\frac{a}{20}=\frac{2b}{18}=\frac{4c}{24}\)=\(\frac{a-2b+4c}{20-18+24}=\frac{13}{26}=\frac{1}{3}\)( do x+2b+4c=13)
Nên : a/20=1/3\(\Leftrightarrow\) a=1/3.20 \(\Leftrightarrow\)a=20/3
b/9=1/3 \(\Leftrightarrow\) b=1/3.9 \(\Leftrightarrow\) b=3
c/6=1/3 \(\Leftrightarrow\) c=1/3.6 \(\Leftrightarrow\) c= 2
Bài 1:
a) Có: 4a = 3b => \(\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{4}\) => \(\dfrac{a}{15}=\dfrac{b}{20}\)
7b = 5c => \(\dfrac{b}{5}=\dfrac{c}{7}\) => \(\dfrac{b}{20}=\dfrac{c}{28}\)
=> \(\dfrac{a}{15}=\dfrac{b}{20}=\dfrac{c}{28}\)
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{15}=\dfrac{b}{20}=\dfrac{c}{28}=\dfrac{2a+3b-c}{30+60-28}=\dfrac{186}{62}=3\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=45\\b=60\\c=84\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Tương tự câu a
c) Đặt \(\dfrac{a-1}{2}=\dfrac{b-2}{3}=\dfrac{c-3}{4}=k\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2k+1\\b=3k+2\\c=4k+3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà a - 2b + 3c = 14 => 2k + 1 - 6k - 4 + 12k + 9 = 8k + 6 = 14 => k = 1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\b=5\\c=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) Từ a:b:c = 3:4:5 => \(\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{4}=\dfrac{c}{5}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{4}=\dfrac{c}{5}=k\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3k\\b=4k\\c=5k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà 2a2 + 2b2 - 3c2 = -100 => 18k2 + 32k2 - 75k2 = -100 => k2 = 4 => k = \(\pm\)2
Với k = 2 => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=6\\b=8\\c=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với k = -2 => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-6\\b=-8\\c=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
Nửa chu vi hình chữ nhật là: 90:2 = 45 (m)
Tỉ số giữa chiều dài và chiều rộng = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\)=> chiều rộng = \(\dfrac{2}{5}\) nửa chu vi
=> chiều rộng = 18(m) => chiều dài = 27(m)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{4a-3b}{2}=\dfrac{5b-4c}{3}=\dfrac{3c-5a}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{20a-15b}{10}=\dfrac{15b-12c}{9}=\dfrac{12c-20a}{16}=\dfrac{20a-15b+15b-12c+12c-20a}{10+9+16}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a-3b=0\\5b-4c=0\\3c-5a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{4}\\\dfrac{b}{4}=\dfrac{c}{5}\\\dfrac{c}{5}=\dfrac{a}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{4}=\dfrac{c}{5}\)
\(\frac{2a+7}{5}=\frac{3b-3}{4}=\frac{c+5}{3}\)
=> \(\frac{4a+14}{10}=\frac{12b-12}{16}=\frac{3c+15}{9}=\frac{4a+14+12b-12-3c-15}{10+16-9}\)
\(=\frac{\left(4a+12b-3c\right)-13}{17}=\frac{64-13}{17}=3\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2a+7=15\\3b-3=12\\c+5=9\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=4\\b=5\\c=4\end{cases}}\)
Vậy a = 4 ; b = 5 ; c = 4