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a)
\(\begin{array}{l}M = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{3} + \left( { - \frac{1}{2}} \right) + \frac{1}{3}\\ = \frac{3}{6} + \frac{4}{6} + \left( {\frac{{ - 3}}{6}} \right) + \frac{2}{6}\\ = \frac{{3 + 4 + \left( { - 3} \right) + 2}}{6}\\ = \frac{6}{6} = 1\end{array}\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}M = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{3} + \left( { - \frac{1}{2}} \right) + \frac{1}{3}\\ = \left[ {\frac{1}{2} + \left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right)} \right] + \left[ {\frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{3}} \right]\\ = 0 + 1 = 1\end{array}\)
Co quy luat nay ne em: 1+2=3=2.3:2; 1+2+3=6=3.4:2;...;1+2+3+...+2012=2012.2013:2
Suy ra ta co:
Mau so cua D=1 + 1/(2.3:2) + 1/(3.4:2) + 1/(4.5:2) + .... + 1/(2012.2013:2)
=1 + 2/2.3 + 2/3.4 + 2/4.5 + .... + 2/2012.2013
= 2.[1/2 + 1/2.3 + 1/3.4 + 1/4.5 + .... + 1/2012.2013]
=2.[1/1.2 + 1/2.3 + 1/3.4 + 1/4.5 + ..... + 1/2012.2013]
=2.[1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 + 1/4 - 1/5 +....+1/2012 - 1/2013
=2[1 - 1/2013]
=2.2012/2013
Vay D= 2.2012 / (2.2012:2013)=2013
Tổng quát:\(1-\frac{1}{1+2+......+n}=1-\frac{1}{\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}}=1-\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{n^2+n-2}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{n^2-n+2n-2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{n\left(n-1\right)+2\left(n-1\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\left(n+2\right)\left(n-1\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}\) với \(n\in\)N*
Thay x=2,x=3,..........,x=2018 vào ta có:
\(\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3}\right)......\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3+.....+2018}\right)=\frac{1.4}{2.3}.\frac{2.5}{3.4}.........\frac{2017.2020}{2018.2019}\)
\(=\frac{1.2.3......2017}{2.3.......2018}.\frac{4.5........2020}{3.4.......2019}=\frac{1}{2018}.\frac{2020}{3}=\frac{2020}{6054}=\frac{1010}{3027}\)
\(\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2}\right).\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3}\right).....\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3+.....+2018}\right)\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{\frac{2.3}{2}}\right).\left(1-\frac{1}{\frac{3.4}{2}}\right).......\left(1-\frac{1}{\frac{2018.2019}{2}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{2}{2.3}\right).\left(1-\frac{2}{3.4}\right).......\left(1-\frac{2}{2018.2019}\right)\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right).\left(1-\frac{5}{6}\right).......\left(1-\frac{1}{2037171}\right)\)
\(=\frac{2}{3}.\frac{5}{6}......\frac{2037170}{2037171}\)
\(=\frac{4}{6}.\frac{10}{12}.......\frac{4074340}{4074342}\)
\(=\frac{1.4}{2.3}.\frac{2.5}{3.4}......\frac{2017.2020}{2018.2019}\)
\(=\frac{1.2......2017}{2.3.....2018}.\frac{4.5......2020}{3.4......2019}=\frac{1}{2018}.\frac{2020}{3}=\frac{1010}{3027}\)