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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y>0\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow0< xy=t\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(x^4+y^4=\left(1-2t\right)^2-2t\)
\(8\left(x^4+y^4\right)+\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge5\Leftrightarrow A=8\left[\left(1-2t\right)^2-2t\right]+\dfrac{1}{t}-5\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16t^2-32t+\dfrac{1}{t}+3\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow16t^3-32t^2+3t+1\ge0\)
<=>\(16t^3-4t^2-28t^2+7t-4t+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4t^2\left(4t-1\right)-7t\left(4t-1\right)-\left(4t-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4t-1\right)\left(4t^2-7t-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\left(4t-1\right)\left(8t-7-\sqrt{65}\right)\left(8t-7+\sqrt{65}\right)\ge0\)
\(0< t\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4t-1\le0\\8t-7+\sqrt{65}>0\\8t-7-\sqrt{5}< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow B\ge0\)
mọi phép biến đổi <=> => dpcm
Sử dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz nhiều lần, cộng với BĐT phụ \(\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\), ta có:
\(8\left(x^4+y^4\right)+\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{8\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=4\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+4\ge4\left[\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\right]^2+4=5\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
có bđt: a²+b² ≥ (a+b)²/2 (*)
(*) <=> 2a²+2b² ≥ a²+b²+2ab <=> a²+b²-2ab ≥ 0 <=> (a-b)² ≥ 0 bđt đúng, dấu "=" khi a = b
- - -
ad (*) 2 lần liên tiếp:
x^4 + y^4 ≥ (x²+y²)²/2 ≥ [(x+y)²/2]²/2 = (x+y)^4 /8 = 1/8
=> 8(x^4 + y^4) ≥ 1 (*)
mặt khác, có bđt: (x-y)² ≥ 0 <=> x²+y² ≥ 2xy <=> x²+y²+2xy ≥ 4xy <=> (x+y)² ≥ 4xy
=> 1/xy ≥ 4/(x+y)² = 4 (**)
(*) + (**): 8(x^4 + y^4) + 1/xy ≥ 1+4 = 5 (đpcm) dấu "=" khi x = y = 1/2
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si :
\(\frac{1}{xy}\ge\frac{1}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}\ge\frac{1}{\frac{1}{4}}=4\)
Do đó BĐT cần chứng minh \(\Leftrightarrow8\left(x^4+y^4\right)+4\ge5\)
Ta cần chứng minh BĐT sau là đủ : \(8\left(x^4+y^4\right)\ge1\)
Thật vậy: Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si :
\(x^4+\frac{1}{16}\ge\frac{x^2}{2};y^4+\frac{1}{16}\ge\frac{y^2}{2}\)
Cộng vế : \(x^4+y^4+\frac{1}{8}\ge\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\ge\frac{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}{2}\ge\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4\ge\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{8}=\frac{1}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(x^4+y^4\right)\ge1\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(A=8\left(x^4+y^4\right)+\frac{1}{4xy}+\frac{1}{4xy}+\frac{1}{2xy}\ge8\left(x^4+y^4\right)+\frac{1}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\frac{1}{2xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge8\left(x^4+y^4\right)+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2\left(x^4+y^4\right)}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2\left(x^4+y^4\right)}}+\frac{1}{2\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge3\sqrt[3]{8\left(x^4+y^4\right)\cdot\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2\left(x^4+y^4\right)}}\cdot\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2\left(x^4+y^4\right)}}}+\frac{1}{2\cdot\frac{1}{4}}=3+2=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Với mọi x,y >0 có \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
=> \(1\ge4xy\) (do x+y=1) <=> \(\frac{1}{xy}\ge4\)
Lại có \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
<=> \(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Có \(x^4+y^4\ge2x^2y^2\)
<=> \(2\left(x^4+y^4\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2\ge\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\)
<=> \(8\left(x^4+y^4\right)\ge\frac{1}{4}.4=1\)
=> \(8\left(x^4+y^4\right)+\frac{1}{xy}\ge1+4=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
\(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)
Cho mik hỏi sao \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2\)≥ \(\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\) vậy bạn
a) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+y\right)=0\\\left(y+1\right)\left(2y-x\right)=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot x=1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\\left(y+1\right)\left(2y-1\right)=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\y=-1;y=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot y=-1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\\0=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1;x=\frac{1}{2}\\0=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot x=2y\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2y-1\right)5y=0\\0=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=0\Rightarrow x=0\\y=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=1\end{cases}}\)
\(y=-2x\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\\left(1-2x\right)5x=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow y=-1\\x=0\Rightarrow y=0\end{cases}}\)
b) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\frac{21}{8}\\\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=\frac{37}{6}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\\left(\frac{21}{8}-y\right)^2+y^2=\frac{37}{6}y\left(\frac{21}{8}-y\right)\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\2y^2-\frac{21}{4}y+\frac{441}{64}=-\frac{37}{6}y^2+\frac{259}{16}y\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\1568y^2-4116y+1323=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{3}{8}\\y=\frac{9}{4}\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{9}{4}\\y=\frac{3}{8}\end{cases}}\)
c) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\\\frac{2}{xy}-\frac{1}{z^2}=4\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{z^2}=\left(2-\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2xy-x-y\right)^2=-4x^2y^2+2xy\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}8x^2y^2-4x^2y-4xy^2+x^2+y^2-2xy+2xy=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4x^2y^2-4x^2y+x^2+4x^2y^2-4xy^2+y^2=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2xy-x\right)^2+\left(2xy-y\right)^2=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=\frac{1}{2}\\z=\frac{-1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
d) \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy+x+y=71\\x^2y+xy^2=880\end{cases}}\). Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=S\\xy=P\end{cases}}\), ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}S+P=71\\SP=880\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=71-P\\P\left(71-P\right)=880\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=71-P\\P^2-71P+880=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=16\\P=55\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}S=55\\P=16\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot\hept{\begin{cases}S=16\\P=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=16\\xy=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=16-y\\y\left(16-y\right)=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=16-y\\y^2-16y+55=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=5\\y=11\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=11\\y=5\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot\hept{\begin{cases}S=55\\P=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=55\\xy=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=55-y\\y\left(55-y\right)=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=55-y\\y^2-55y+16=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{55-3\sqrt{329}}{2}\\y=\frac{55+3\sqrt{329}}{2}\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{55+3\sqrt{329}}{2}\\y=\frac{55-3\sqrt{329}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
e) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}=12\\x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}=28\end{cases}}\). Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}S=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\\P=\sqrt{xy}\end{cases}}\), ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}SP=12\\P\left(S^2-2P\right)=28\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=\frac{12}{P}\\P\left(\frac{144}{P^2}-2P\right)=28\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=\frac{12}{P}\\2P^4+28P^2-144P=0\end{cases}}\)
Tự làm tiếp nhá! Đuối lắm luôn
\(x+y=1\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Leftrightarrow xy\le\frac{1}{4}\)
\(A=8\left(x^4+y^4\right)+\frac{1}{xy}\ge16x^2y^2+\frac{1}{xy}=16x^2y^2+\frac{1}{4xy}+\frac{1}{4xy}+\frac{1}{2xy}\ge3\sqrt[3]{16x^2y^2.\frac{1}{4xy}.\frac{1}{4xy}}+\frac{1}{2.\frac{1}{4}}=5\)
Dâu ' = ' xảy ra khi x =y = 1/2