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a) Ta có: a < b => a + 1 < b + 1
b) Ta có: a < b => a - 2 < b - 2
\(A=\left(\frac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{3}-1\right)\cdot...\left(\frac{1}{10}-1\right)\)
\(A=\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{2}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{3}{3}\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\frac{1}{10}-\frac{10}{10}\right)\)
\(A=\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\cdot\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(-\frac{9}{10}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{-1}{2}\cdot\frac{-2}{3}\cdot...\cdot\frac{-9}{10}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-2\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(-9\right)}{2\cdot3\cdot...\cdot10}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(-1\right)\cdot2\cdot...\cdot9}{2\cdot3\cdot...\cdot10}=\frac{-1}{10}\)
Mà \(\frac{-1}{10}>\frac{-1}{9}\)nên A > -1/9
Phần cuối tương tự
B= (1/2-1/3) + (1/3-1/4) + (1/4-1/5)+...+( 1/99-1/100)
B = (1/2-1/3) + (1/3 - 1/4) + (1/4 - 1/5)+...+ (1/99 + 1/100)
B= 1/2 +1/100=51/100
k mk nhóe
sai thì chỉ mk nhoa
a)A=1/51+1/52+...+1/100
=>A>1/100+1/100+...+1/100
=>A>50/100(vì có 50 số hạng)
=> A>1/2
b)Ta có:
B=1/2.3+1/3.4+...+1/99.100
=> B=1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+...+1/99-1/100
=> B=1/2-1/100
Mà 1/100>0
=> B<1/2
=> B<1/2<A
=>B<A
Có \(a\left(b+1\right)< b\left(a+1\right)\Leftrightarrow ab+a< ab+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Áp dụng \(\frac{2^{2018}}{3^{2019}}< \frac{2^{2018}+1}{3^{2019}+1}\)
Ta có:
\(1-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b-a}{b}\)
\(1-\frac{a+1}{b+1}=\frac{b+1-a-1}{b+1}=\frac{b-a}{b+1}\)
Vì b < b + 1 và a < b; a, b nguyên dương => b - a > 0 nên \(\frac{b-a}{b}>\frac{b-a}{b+1}\)
Do đó \(1-\frac{a}{b}>1-\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Áp dụng chứng minh tương tự nhé bạn
Để so sánh \(\frac{a}{b}\)và \(\frac{a+1}{b+1}\), ta đi so sánh hai số \(a\left(b+1\right)\)và \(b\left(a+1\right)\).
Xét hiệu:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)=ab+a-\left(ab+b\right)=a-b\)
Ta có 3 trường hợp, với điều kiện b > 0:
Trường hợp 1: Nếu \(a-b=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)thì:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)=b\left(a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Trường hợp 2: Nếu \(a-b< 0\Leftrightarrow a< b\)thì:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)< 0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)< b\left(a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}< \frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Trường hợp 3: Nếu \(a-b>0\Leftrightarrow a>b\)thì:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)>0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)>b\left(a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}>\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Xét 3 trường hợp :
+) Nếu b > a thì \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b-m}{b}=\frac{b}{b}-\frac{m}{b}=1-\frac{m}{b}\)
\(\frac{a+1}{b+1}=\frac{b-m+1}{b+1}=\frac{b+1-m}{b+1}=\frac{b+1}{b+1}-\frac{m}{b+1}=1-\frac{m}{b+1}\)
Vì \(\frac{m}{b}>\frac{m}{b+1}\)nên \(1-\frac{m}{b}< 1-\frac{m}{b+1}\)hay \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
+) Nếu a = b thì \(\frac{a}{b}=1\)
\(\frac{a+1}{b+1}=1\)nên\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
+) Nếu a > b thì \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b+m}{b}=\frac{b}{b}+\frac{m}{b}=1+\frac{m}{b}\)
\(\frac{a+1}{b+1}=\frac{b+m+1}{b+1}=\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{m}{b+1}=1+\frac{m}{b+1}\)
Vì \(\frac{m}{b}>\frac{m}{b+1}\)nên \(1+\frac{m}{b}>1+\frac{m}{b+1}\)hay \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\frac{ab+a}{b^2+b}\)
\(\frac{a+1}{b+1}=\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\frac{ab+b}{b^2+b}\)
Từ 2 ý trên , ta xét từng trường hợp sau :
a < b thì \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
a > b thì \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
a = b thì \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
a) Ta có : \(31^5< 32^5=\left(2^5\right)^5=2^{25}< 2^{28}=\left(2^4\right)^7=16^7< 17^7\)
\(\Rightarrow31^5< 17^7\)
b) Ta có : \(8^{12}=\left(2^3\right)^{12}=2^{36}>2^{32}=\left(2^4\right)^8=16^8>12^8\)
\(\Rightarrow8^{12}>12^8\)
c) \(A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(3A=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(3A-A=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)
\(2A=1-\frac{1}{99}\)
\(A=\frac{1-\frac{1}{99}}{2}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\)
a) \(31^5< 34^5=2^5.17^5=32.17^5\)
\(17^7=17^2.17^5=289.17^5\)
\(\Rightarrow31^5< 17^7\)
b) \(12^8< 16^8=\left(2^4\right)^8=2^{32}\)
\(8^{12}=\left(2^3\right)^{12}=2^{36}\)
\(\Rightarrow8^{12}>12^8\)
c) \(A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(3A=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A-A=1+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}< 1\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\)
a) Áp dụng \(\frac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+m}{b+m}\) (a;b;m \(\in\) N*)
Ta có:
\(A=\frac{2008^{2008}+1}{2008^{2009}+1}< \frac{2008^{2008}+1+2007}{2009^{2009}+1+2007}\)
\(A< \frac{2008^{2008}+2008}{2008^{2009}+2008}\)
\(A< \frac{2008.\left(2008^{2007}+1\right)}{2008.\left(2008^{2008}+1\right)}=\frac{2008^{2007}+1}{2008^{2008}+1}=B\)
=> A < B
b) Áp dụng \(\frac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+m}{b+m}\) (a;b;m \(\in\) N*)
Ta có:
\(N=\frac{100^{101}+1}{100^{100}+1}>\frac{100^{101}+1+99}{100^{100}+1+99}\)
\(N>\frac{100^{101}+100}{100^{100}+100}\)
\(N>\frac{100.\left(100^{100}+1\right)}{100.\left(100^{99}+1\right)}=\frac{100^{100}+1}{100^{99}+1}=M\)
=> M > N
\(\frac{a-1}{a}=1-\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\frac{b+1}{b}=1+\frac{1}{b}\)
Áp dụng tính chất bắc cầu ta được :
\(1-\frac{1}{a}< 1< 1+\frac{1}{b}\)
=> \(\frac{a-1}{a}< \frac{b+1}{b}\)
Ta có:
+ Vì \(a-1< a\Rightarrow\frac{a-1}{a}< \frac{a}{a}=1\)( 1 )
+ Vì \(b+1>b\Rightarrow\frac{b+1}{b}>\frac{b}{b}=1\)( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a-1}{a}< \frac{b+1}{b}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a-1}{a}< \frac{b+1}{b}.\)