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a) Ta có : \(31^5< 32^5=\left(2^5\right)^5=2^{25}< 2^{28}=\left(2^4\right)^7=16^7< 17^7\)
\(\Rightarrow31^5< 17^7\)
b) Ta có : \(8^{12}=\left(2^3\right)^{12}=2^{36}>2^{32}=\left(2^4\right)^8=16^8>12^8\)
\(\Rightarrow8^{12}>12^8\)
c) \(A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(3A=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(3A-A=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)
\(2A=1-\frac{1}{99}\)
\(A=\frac{1-\frac{1}{99}}{2}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\)
a) \(31^5< 34^5=2^5.17^5=32.17^5\)
\(17^7=17^2.17^5=289.17^5\)
\(\Rightarrow31^5< 17^7\)
b) \(12^8< 16^8=\left(2^4\right)^8=2^{32}\)
\(8^{12}=\left(2^3\right)^{12}=2^{36}\)
\(\Rightarrow8^{12}>12^8\)
c) \(A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(3A=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A-A=1+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}< 1\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(2^2<4^2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}>\frac{1}{4^2}\)
\(3^2<6^2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3^2}>\frac{1}{6^2}\)
\(4^2<8^2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4^2}<\frac{1}{8^2}\)
\(...\)
\(100^2<200^2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{100^2}>\frac{1}{200^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}>\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{8^2}+...+\frac{1}{200^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>B\)
\(M=\frac{3}{1^22^2}+\frac{5}{2^23^2}+\frac{7}{3^24^2}+...+\frac{4019}{2009^22010^2}\)
\(M=\frac{2^2-1^2}{1^22^2}+\frac{3^2-2^2}{2^23^2}+\frac{4^2-3^2}{3^24^2}+...+\frac{2010^2-2009^2}{2009^22010^2}\)
\(M=\frac{2^2}{1^22^2}-\frac{1^2}{1^22^2}+\frac{3^2}{2^23^2}-\frac{2^2}{2^23^2}+\frac{4^2}{3^24^2}-\frac{3^2}{3^24^2}+...+\frac{2010^2}{2009^22010^2}-\frac{2009^2}{2009^22010^2}\)
\(M=\frac{1}{1^2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2009^2}-\frac{1}{2010^2}\)
\(M=1-\frac{1}{2010^2}< 1\)
Vậy \(M< 1\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
Ta có :
\(S=\frac{3}{2}+\frac{4}{3}+\frac{5}{4}+\frac{6}{5}+\frac{7}{6}+\frac{8}{7}+\frac{9}{8}+\frac{10}{9}+\frac{11}{10}+\frac{12}{11}\)
\(S=\frac{2+1}{2}+\frac{3+1}{3}+\frac{4+1}{4}+...+\frac{11+1}{11}\)
\(S=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{4}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{1}{11}\right)\)
\(S=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{11}\right)\)
\(S=10+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{11}\right)>10\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(S>10\)
Vậy \(S>10\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~