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So sánh các số hữu tỉ:
a) và
b) và
c) x = -0,75 và
Lời giải:
a)
Vì -22 < -21 và 77> 0 nên x <y
b)
Vì -216 < -213 và 300 > 0 nên y < x
c)
Vậy x=y
Lời giải:
a)
Vì -22 < -21 và 77> 0 nên x <y
b)
Vì -216 < -213 và 300 > 0 nên y < x
c)
Vậy x=y
a) Ta có : \(\dfrac{-1}{5}< 0< \dfrac{1}{1000}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-1}{5}< \dfrac{1}{1000}\)
b) Ta có : \(\dfrac{267}{268}< 1< \dfrac{1347}{1343}\)
=> \(\dfrac{267}{-268}< -\dfrac{1347}{1343}\)
c) \(\dfrac{13}{38}>\dfrac{13}{39}=\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{19}{87}>\dfrac{29}{88}\)
=> \(-\dfrac{13}{38}< \dfrac{29}{-88}\)
d) \(\dfrac{181818}{313131}=\dfrac{18}{31}\)
=> \(-\dfrac{18}{31}=-\dfrac{181818}{313131}\)
\(x=\frac{-17}{23}\)
\(y=\frac{-171717}{232323}=\frac{\left(-171717\right):10101}{232323:10101}=\frac{-17}{23}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y\)
1.
\(\left(\dfrac{-1}{8}+\dfrac{-5}{6}\right)\cdot\dfrac{6}{23}\\ =-\dfrac{23}{24}\cdot\dfrac{6}{23}\\ =-\dfrac{6}{24}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
2. Xem lại đề nha!
4.
\(x+0,75=-1\dfrac{1}{4}\\ x+\dfrac{3}{4}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\\ x=-\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4}\\ x=-\dfrac{3}{4}+\left(-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)=-\dfrac{6}{4}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
5.
\(\dfrac{x}{28}=-\dfrac{4}{7}\\ \Leftrightarrow7x=-4.28\\ \Rightarrow7x=-112\\ \Rightarrow x=-112:7=-16\)
6.
\(\dfrac{3x-y}{x+y}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(3x-y\right).4=3\left(x+y\right)\\ \Rightarrow12x-4y=3x+3y\\ \Rightarrow12x-3x=4y+3y\\ \Rightarrow9x=7y\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{7}=\dfrac{y}{9}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{7}{9}\)
Vậy giá trị của tỉ số \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{7}{9}\).
1 a) \(\dfrac{\left(-2\right)}{5}\)= \(\dfrac{-6}{15}\); \(\dfrac{15}{-6}\)= \(\dfrac{5}{-2}\); \(\dfrac{-6}{-2}\)= \(\dfrac{15}{5}\); \(\dfrac{-2}{-6}\)= \(\dfrac{5}{15}\)
1.
Ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{-4}=\dfrac{-3}{4};\dfrac{-12}{15}=\dfrac{-4}{5};\dfrac{-15}{20}=\dfrac{-3}{4};\dfrac{24}{-32}=\dfrac{-3}{4};\dfrac{-20}{28}=\dfrac{-5}{7};\dfrac{-27}{36}=\dfrac{-3}{4}\)
Vậy trong các phân số trên những phân số biểu diễn số hữu tỉ \(\dfrac{3}{-4}\) là:
\(\dfrac{3}{-4}=\dfrac{-15}{20}=\dfrac{24}{-32}=\dfrac{-27}{36}\)
2.
a. Ta có: \(x=\dfrac{2}{-7}=\dfrac{-2}{7}=\dfrac{-22}{77};y=\dfrac{-3}{11}=\dfrac{-21}{77}\)
Vì \(-22< -21\) nên \(\dfrac{2}{-7}< \dfrac{-3}{11}\)
Vậy x < y
b. Ta có: \(x=\dfrac{-213}{300};y=\dfrac{18}{-25}=\dfrac{-18}{25}=\dfrac{-216}{300}\)
Vì \(-213>-216\) nên \(\dfrac{-213}{300}>\dfrac{18}{-25}\)
Vậy x > y
c. Ta có: \(x=-0,75=\dfrac{-3}{4};y=\dfrac{-3}{4}\)
Vì -3 = -3 nên \(-0,75=\dfrac{-3}{4}\)
Vậy x = y
3.
a.* Với a, b cùng dấu thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}>0\)
* Với a, b khác dấu thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< 0\)
• Tổng quát: Số hữu tỉ \(\dfrac{a}{b}\left(a,b\in Z;b\ne0\right)\) dương nếu a,b cùng dấu; âm nếu a,b khác dấu; bằng 0 nếu a=0
1)
a) \(0,25^x\cdot12^x=243\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(0,25\cdot12\right)^x=3^5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^x=3^5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
Vậy \(x=5\)
b) \(38^y:19^y=512\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2y\cdot y=512\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2=512\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2=256\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=16\\y=-16\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(y_1=-16;y_2=16\)
2)
a) \(3^x+3^{x+2}=2430\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+3^2\right)\cdot3^x=2430\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+9\right)\cdot3^x=2430\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10\cdot3^x=2430\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^x=243\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^x=3^5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
Vậy \(x=5\)
b) \(2^{x+3}-2^x=224\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2^3-1\right)\cdot2^x=224\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(8-1\right)\cdot2^x=224\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7\cdot2^x=224\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^x=32\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^x=2^5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
Vậy \(x=5\)
3)
a) \(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{1}{4}=\pm\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{2}{3}\\x-\dfrac{1}{4}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}\\x=-\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{11}{12}\\x=-\dfrac{5}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x_1=\dfrac{11}{12};x_2=-\dfrac{5}{12}\)
b) \(\left(x+0,7\right)^3=-27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{3}{10}\right)^3=\left(-3\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{3}{10}=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-3-\dfrac{3}{10}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{37}{10}\)
Vậy \(x=-\dfrac{37}{10}\)
4)
a) \(\left(\dfrac{2}{5}-3x\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{25}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{5}-3x=\pm\dfrac{3}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{5}-3x=\dfrac{3}{5}\\\dfrac{2}{5}-3x=-\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=-\dfrac{1}{5}\\3x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{15}\\x=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x_1=-\dfrac{1}{15};x_2=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
b) \(\left(\dfrac{2}{3}x-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^5=\dfrac{1}{243}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{3}x-\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=1+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy \(x=1\)
1. a) \(0,25^x.12^x=243\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(0,25.12\right)^x=243\)
\(\Rightarrow3^x=3^5\)
\(\Rightarrow x=5\)
Vậy \(x=5.\)
b) \(38^y:19^y=512\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(38:19\right)^y=512\)
\(\Rightarrow2^y=2^9\)
\(\Rightarrow y=9\)
Vậy \(y=9.\)
2) a) \(3^x+3^{x+2}=2430\)
\(\Rightarrow3^x\left(1+9\right)=2430\)
\(\Rightarrow3^x=243=3^5\)
\(\Rightarrow x=5\)
Vậy x=5.
b) \(2^{x+3}-2^x=224\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x\left(8-1\right)=224\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x=32=2^5\)
\(\Rightarrow x=5\)
Vậy x=5.
Bài 3: dễ tự làm.
a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{325}{260}< 2< \dfrac{876}{320}\) => \(\dfrac{325}{260}< \dfrac{876}{320}\)
b) Ta có: \(\dfrac{13}{9}< \dfrac{24}{9}=\dfrac{8}{3}\) => \(\dfrac{13}{9}< \dfrac{8}{3}\)
c) Ta có: \(\dfrac{18}{-39}=\dfrac{-18}{39}< \dfrac{-17}{39}< \dfrac{-17}{41}\) => \(\dfrac{18}{-39}< \dfrac{-17}{41}\)
d) Ta có: \(\dfrac{-151515}{232323}=\dfrac{-151515\div10101}{232323\div10101}=\dfrac{-15}{23}\)
Mà \(\dfrac{-15}{25}>\dfrac{-15}{23}\) => \(\dfrac{-15}{25}>\dfrac{-151515}{232323}\)
a) \(\dfrac{325}{260}=\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{100}{80}< \dfrac{219}{80}=\dfrac{876}{320}\)
b) \(\dfrac{13}{9}< \dfrac{24}{9}=\dfrac{8}{3}\)
c) \(\dfrac{18}{-39}=\dfrac{-738}{1599}< \dfrac{-663}{1599}=\dfrac{-17}{41}\)
d) \(\dfrac{-15}{25}=\dfrac{-151515}{252525}< \dfrac{-151515}{232323}\)
Lời giải:
\(-0,25=\frac{-1}{4}< \frac{-1}{8}\)
\(0,75< 1< \frac{5}{4}\)
\(\frac{-171717}{232323}=\frac{-171717:10101}{232323:10101}=\frac{-17}{23}\)
a) -0,25 = -1/4
=> -1/4 < -1/8
b) 0,75 = 3/4
=> 3/4 < 5/4
c) -17/23 = -171717/232323