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10 tháng 4 2022

 

Refer

THE RECIPE FOR GOOD COMMUNICATION

How (0) many people do you communicate (1) …with……. in a day? Probably a (2) …lot……. more than you did ten years ago. With a few pieces of equipment, we can 'talk' to people in more and more ways, not just face-to-face and on the phone, but also via the Internet. It is very important, therefore, for everyone to try and improve their communication skills. (3) ……despite…. all the technological advances of recent years, the art of good conversation is still (4) …at……. the heart of successful communication. So it's a good idea to remember the four golden roles of good communication. Firstly, be (5) ……as…. clear as you can. Misunderstandings arise if we don't say exactly (6) …what……. we mean. Secondly, we have to work hard (7) ……at…. listening. (8) …pay……. attention to what the other person is saying. Thirdly, ask other people what they think, don't only tell them what you think. And finally show respect (9) …for……. people, give them time to say what they want, and show interest in what they say. (10) ……if…. you follow these rules, you will be a good communicator.

#Read the letter below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Write your answer in the numbered box below. 0 is an example.(10pts)#Dear Ronnie How are you?Thanks for your email last week. It was great to hear from you. I'm pleased that you are enjoying your new school and that you have made(0)……….. new friends. The project you described in your letter sounds (1)_______interesting! I have some ideas that might help you. The title of the project...
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#Read the letter below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Write your answer in the numbered box below. 0 is an example.(10pts)#
Dear Ronnie
 How are you?
Thanks for your email last week. It was great to hear from you. I'm pleased that you are enjoying your new school and that you have made(0)……….. new friends. The project you described in your letter sounds (1)_______interesting! I have some ideas that might help you. The title of the project is 'Ways to Mare my School Better' - is that right? Well, first of all, how (2)________ taking about the rules? Are there any rules that the students (3)_____ like to change? Have you spoken(4)_______ your classmates about any of the rules that they don't like? Why don't you suggest some new rules? I've got a second idea for your project too. How about talking about the clubs at the school? You might have some nice ideas about new hobbies for the pupils. Is there a music club (5)__________ a film-making club? Why don't you suggest some new clubs that are interesting for people your age? The third idea I had was about the buildings in the school. Why don't you suggest ways to make the buildings (6)_________ nicer? How about some pictures or photos on the walls inside the school? That (7)________ make the classrooms look good. Do you think the teachers would like that idea? Anyway, I hope (8)________ideas are helpful. I look forward to reading your project. Send it to me (9)_________email when you have finished it. Let me know (10)_________you need any more help.
Bye for now.
John
    

Giúp mk vs nha. Thanks:333

 

3
14 tháng 2 2020

0. Some

1. Very

2. How

3. Would

4. To

5. Or

6. Look

7. Can

8. These

9. By

10. if

14 tháng 2 2020

Trần Thu Hà số (2) là j v bạn

#Read the letter below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Write your answer in the numbered box below. 0 is an example.(10pts)#Dear Ronnie How are you?Thanks for your email last week. It was great to hear from you. I'm pleased that you are enjoying your new school and that you have made(0)……….. new friends. The project you described in your letter sounds (1)_______interesting! I have some ideas that might help you. The title of the project...
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#Read the letter below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Write your answer in the numbered box below. 0 is an example.(10pts)#
Dear Ronnie
 How are you?
Thanks for your email last week. It was great to hear from you. I'm pleased that you are enjoying your new school and that you have made(0)……….. new friends. The project you described in your letter sounds (1)_______interesting! I have some ideas that might help you. The title of the project is 'Ways to Mare my School Better' - is that right? Well, first of all, how (2)________ taking about the rules? Are there any rules that the students (3)_____ like to change? Have you spoken(4)_______ your classmates about any of the rules that they don't like? Why don't you suggest some new rules? I've got a second idea for your project too. How about talking about the clubs at the school? You might have some nice ideas about new hobbies for the pupils. Is there a music club (5)__________ a film-making club? Why don't you suggest some new clubs that are interesting for people your age? The third idea I had was about the buildings in the school. Why don't you suggest ways to make the buildings (6)_________ nicer? How about some pictures or photos on the walls inside the school? That (7)________ make the classrooms look good. Do you think the teachers would like that idea? Anyway, I hope (8)________ideas are helpful. I look forward to reading your project. Send it to me (9)_________email when you have finished it. Let me know (10)_________you need any more help.
Bye for now.
John
    

Giúp mk vs nha. Thanks:333

 

1
9 tháng 10 2024

Thank nha

 

1. Look carefully at each line. THREE lines are correct. Tick (v) them. The other lines contain ONE word which should NOT be there. Underline and write the word in the space The Swiss eat more chocolate than any other nation . The Switzerland is also the country where the best chocolate is made although some people think it is Belgium . Chocolate originally came out from South America and the Spanish brought it to Europe . At fist , it was used for the drinking and was very expensive ....
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1. Look carefully at each line. THREE lines are correct. Tick (v) them. The other lines contain ONE word which should NOT be there. Underline and write the word in the space

The Swiss eat more chocolate than any other nation . The Switzerland is also the country where the best chocolate is made although some people think it is Belgium . Chocolate originally came out from South America and the Spanish brought it to Europe . At fist , it was used for the drinking and was very expensive . Today chocolate is eaten all over in the word and is a multi-million dollar industry . It is one of Switzerland's biggest the in dustries after banking . Be careful when you eat chocolate . Some chocolate bars have more than a thousand for calories . Chocolate also contains one of the chemicals we be produce when we are in love

1. ____________________________

2. _______________________________

3 .__________________________

4 ._______________________________

5 .____________________________

6 .____________________________________

8. _______________________

9.__________________________

10.______________________

2
29 tháng 5 2017

The Swiss eat more chocolate than any other nation . The Switzerland is also the country where the best chocolate is made although some people think it is Belgium . Chocolate originally came out from South America and the Spanish brought it to Europe . At fist , it was used for the drinking and was very expensive . Today chocolate is eaten all over in the word and is a multi-million dollar industry . It is one of Switzerland's biggest the in dustries after banking . Be careful when you eat chocolate . Some chocolate bars have more than a thousand for calories . Chocolate also contains one of the chemicals we be produce when we are in love

1. The
2, Tick (V)
3,out
4, Tick (v)
5, the
6, in
7, the
8, for
9, be
10, Tick (v)
30 tháng 5 2017

1. Look carefully at each line. THREE lines are correct. Tick (v) them. The other lines contain ONE word which should NOT be there. Underline and write the word in the space

The Swiss eat more chocolate than any other nation . The Switzerland is also the country where the best chocolate is made although some people think it is Belgium . Chocolate originally came out from South America and the Spanish brought it to Europe . At fist , it was used for the drinking and was very expensive . Today chocolate is eaten all over in the word and is a multi-million dollar industry . It is one of Switzerland's biggest the in dustries after banking . Be careful when you eat chocolate . Some chocolate bars have more than a thousand for calories . Chocolate also contains one of the chemicals we be produce when we are in love

1. the

2. tick (v)

3 . out

4 . tick (v)

5 . the

6 . in

7 . the

8. for

9. be

10. tick (v)

dien tu con thieu1. Can you help me ............. these dirty lasses?2. What ' s on................. the ciname tonight3. Come ..... with us. We always need more players4. Turn...... the lights before leaving the house5. The train is leaving..... Ha Noi in a few minutesThere's much more water(1)..................... land on the surface of the earth. The seas and oceans cover nearly four- fifths of the (2)........  world , and only one-fifth of its land. If you traveled over the...
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dien tu con thieu

1. Can you help me ............. these dirty lasses?

2. What ' s on................. the ciname tonight

3. Come ..... with us. We always need more players

4. Turn...... the lights before leaving the house

5. The train is leaving..... Ha Noi in a few minutes

There's much more water(1)..................... land on the surface of the earth. The seas and oceans cover nearly four- fifths of the (2)........  world , and only one-fifth of its land. If you traveled over the earth(3)............ different directions , you would have to spend (4)................... more of your time moving on water than(5).................. roads or railways . We sometimes forget that for every mile of land there (6)............... four miles of water

There's so much water in the (7)............ of our earth that we have to use two words(8)...... describe. We use the (9)..................... SEAS to describe those parts of water surface which only few hundreds of (10)........ the word OSEANS  to describe the huge area of water which are thousands of miles wide and very deep

Giup kk ha

1
14 tháng 3 2019

There's much more water(1)..........than........... land on the surface of the earth. The seas and oceans cover nearly four- fifths of the (2)...whole.....  world , and only one-fifth of its land. If you traveled over the earth(3)....in........ different directions , you would have to spend (4)........much........... more of your time moving on water than(5)........on.......... roads or railways . We sometimes forget that for every mile of land there (6)........are....... four miles of water

There's so much water in the (7)......surface ...... of our earth that we have to use two words(8)..to.... describe. We use the (9).............word........ SEAS to describe those parts of water surface which only few hundreds of (10)...miles wide.... the word OSEANS  to describe the huge area of water which are thousands of miles wide and very deep

WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONAIRE?One of the most popular quiz programmes on television in the world is called Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? In Britain, the quiz master is Chris Tarrant. He asks the contestants fifteen questions. The first questions are easy but later they are more difficult. If you can answer the fourteenth question, you can win £500,000. You can win a million pounds if you can answer the last question. Of course, the last question is very difficult.All the questions on Who...
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WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONAIRE?

One of the most popular quiz programmes on television in the world is called Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? In Britain, the quiz master is Chris Tarrant. He asks the contestants fifteen questions. The first questions are easy but later they are more difficult. If you can answer the fourteenth question, you can win £500,000. You can win a million pounds if you can answer the last question. Of course, the last question is very difficult.

All the questions on Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? are multiple-choice questions. After you hear the question, you see four answers. Only one answer is correct. You have to choose the correct answer. If you don't know the answer to a question, there are three ways you can get help: you can ask the quizmaster to take away two wrong answers: you can ask the studio audience which answer is right; or you can telephone a friend and ask for help. You can only do these things once. Very few people win the million pounds. The first person won a millon pounds one year after the programme started.

Today, Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? can be seen in more than 100 countries and is now the world's most popular quiz programme.

a. Find the words in the text with these meanings.

1. A TV programme where people answer questions. .................

2. The person who ask the questions. .................

3. The people who try to answer the questions. .................

4. The people who watch the programme in the studio. .................

b. Answer the questions.

5. Who is the quizmaster in Britain?

6.How many ways can you get help?

7. How many questions do you have to answer?

8. In how many countries can you watch the quiz show?

9. How much do you win for the fourteenth question?

1
7 tháng 3 2020

a.

1.Who Wants To Be A Milionaire

2.quiz master

3.contestants

4.studio audience

b.

5.Chris Tarrant

6.Three ways

7.fifteen questions

8.more than 100 countries

9.500 000

13 tháng 3 2020

giúp mk vs

I .Read the following text and use the words given in the box to fill in the blanks study total programs and go school upon attend PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL IN AMERICA Prior to higher education, American students attend primary (1) _____________secondary school for a combined(2)_____________of 12 years. These years are referred to as the first through twelfth grades. ...
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I .Read the following text and use the words given in the box to fill in the blanks

study

total

programs

and

go

school

upon

attend

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL IN AMERICA

Prior to higher education, American students attend primary (1) _____________secondary school for a combined(2)_____________of 12 years. These years are referred to as the first through twelfth grades.

Around age six, U.S. children begin primary (3)_____________, which is most commonly called “elementary school.” They(4)_____________five or six years and then go onto secondary school.

Secondary school consists of two(5)_____________: the first is “middle school” or “junior high school” and the second program is “high school.” A diploma or certificate is awarded( 6)_____________ graduation from high school. After graduating high school (12th grade), U.S. students may( 7)_____________ on to college or university. College or university (8) _____________ is known as “higher education.”

II. Read the following text and answer the questions below.

Everyone in this world has a favorite place. Some people tend to stay at their workplaces and some people like to spend time at restaurants, but I an introvert and I mostly like to spend time at my home. I love my house and my favorite room in my house is my bedroom. My bedroom is on the first floor of my house and it is a very beautiful room.
I spend most of time in my bedroom. The first thing is that I sleep in my bedroom, so it is the place which gives me the ultimate relaxation. I also like to watch movies in my room. Some people like to watch movies in their living room but I think otherwise. I want privacy and my bedroom is the only place where I can get it. There is no noise, no disturbance. My friends also like my room and whenever they come to my house they prefer to sit in my room.

1. Where does the author mostly like to spend time?

____________________________________________________

2. Which room doas the author like best?

____________________________________________________

3. Why does the author want to watch movies in his/ her bedroom?

___________________________________________________

4. Where do his/ her friends prefer to sit when visting him/her?

____________________________________________________

5. What is the main contents of the passage?

____________________________________________________

III. Read the text below and write on word in each blank to complete it

You might be a terrible friend and not event realize it. That should scare (1)_____________, it should!

You know what? Right now you should (2)_____________sweating profusely, pacing the floor, and asking yourself whether or not you know(3)_____________to be a good friend.

Sometimes our actions and the words that escape(4)_____________mouths stop going through a filter. Then eventually we’re not even conscious (5)_____________how horrible we are as a person or(6)_____________ friend.

We get so used to our friends that we become insensitive to the things we say and (7)_____________. Sure, that level of comfort can be a good thing, but at the same time a lot of ugliness can start leaking out. It could be a reflection of the (8)_____________ you really are

3
11 tháng 3 2020

giúp mk vs!hihi

11 tháng 3 2020

I. Read the following text and answer the questions below.

Everyone in this world has a favorite place. Some people tend to stay at their workplaces and some people like to spend time at restaurants, but I an introvert and I mostly like to spend time at my home. I love my house and my favorite room in my house is my bedroom. My bedroom is on the first floor of my house and it is a very beautiful room.
I spend most of time in my bedroom. The first thing is that I sleep in my bedroom, so it is the place which gives me the ultimate relaxation. I also like to watch movies in my room. Some people like to watch movies in their living room but I think otherwise. I want privacy and my bedroom is the only place where I can get it. There is no noise, no disturbance. My friends also like my room and whenever they come to my house they prefer to sit in my room.

1. Where does the author mostly like to spend time?

Where the author likes to spend time is at home

2. Which room doas the author like best

The author's favorite room is the bedroom

3. Why does the author want to watch movies in his/ her bedroom?

because the author likes to watch movies in private

4. Where do his/ her friends prefer to sit when visting him/her?

Does his / her friend like to sit in the room while walking in front of him / her?

5. What is the main contents of the passage?_

is an introduction to your personality

Dịch:Some theories of the purpose of dreamsFreud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We...
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Dịch:

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Find the new words and translate it

5
1 tháng 2 2018

Một số lý thuyết về mục đích của những giấc mơ

Freud tin rằng chúng ta mơ ước để chúng ta có thể giải toả những ham muốn sâu, bí mật mà chúng ta không được phép diễn đạt trong cuộc sống thực bởi vì các quy tắc của xã hội lịch sự. Hầu hết mọi người đều biết về phân tích giấc mơ của Freud - giấc mơ về một con tàu đi vào đường hầm là một giấc mơ về quan hệ tình dục. Nhưng liệu đó có phải chỉ là một giấc mơ khi du hành trên tàu?

Một lý thuyết khác là những giấc mơ cho phép chúng ta giải quyết những vấn đề mà chúng ta không thể giải quyết trong cuộc sống thực. Chúng tôi đi ngủ với một vấn đề và thức dậy với câu trả lời. Đây có thể là một cách để "sử dụng" ước mơ của chúng ta hơn là một mục đích "của mơ ước. Nếu bạn tin rằng giấc mơ của bạn là quan trọng thì việc phân tích chúng có thể giúp bạn tập trung suy nghĩ về vấn đề và giúp bạn tìm ra giải pháp.

Hình ảnh hiện đại là giấc mơ là cách để làm sạch ổ cứng của máy tính, tổ chức các sự kiện trong ngày vào các thư mục và xóa các rác mà nó không muốn giữ. Nhưng tất cả chúng ta đều biết rằng rất ít những gì chúng tôi mơ ước mỗi tối liên quan đến những gì đã xảy ra với chúng tôi ngày hôm đó.

Một ý tưởng khác là giấc mơ là cách hành xử của não đối với hành vi mà chúng ta cần phải tồn tại. Vì vậy, chúng tôi mơ ước được bị đuổi bởi một con quái vật bởi vì một ngày nào đó có thể xảy ra! Nó giống như một nghệ sĩ piano thực hành quy mô của cô ấy mỗi ngày mặc dù cô ấy không cần sử dụng chúng vào lúc đó.

Những người khác tin rằng giấc mơ là cách não thực hiện các con đường giữa các tế bào não. Đây có thể là một yếu tố quan trọng tại sao chúng ta ngủ nhiều hơn là tại sao chúng ta mơ ước. Chúng ta chết nếu chúng ta không ngủ nhưng chúng ta có thể sống mà không mơ mộng. Một số bệnh nhân bị thương não mất khả năng mơ ước nhưng dường như không bị ảnh hưởng xấu.

REM và mơ ước

Các nhà khoa học từng nghĩ rằng giấc mơ chỉ xảy ra trong giấc ngủ Mắt nhanh (REM). Giấc ngủ REM là điều cần thiết cho tất cả các động vật có vú. Tất cả chúng ta trở nên cáu kỉnh và chán nản nếu không có nó. Nếu chúng ta không có đủ giấc ngủ đêm REM, chúng tôi sẽ đền bù bằng cách có thêm thời gian tiếp theo. REM được tạo ra bởi bộ não - phần lâu đời nhất và nguyên thủy nhất của bộ não. Vì vậy, các nhà khoa học từng tin rằng giấc mơ cũng là do hoạt động trong não. Bây giờ chúng ta biết rằng giấc mơ có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc nào trong suốt giấc ngủ. Sự khác biệt duy nhất có thể là dễ nhớ hơn những giấc mơ xảy ra trong REM.

Trẻ sơ sinh có nhiều hoạt động REM hơn người lớn, nhưng nghiên cứu cho thấy họ mơ ước ít hơn. Điều này cũng có thể đúng với động vật. Chúng tôi biết rằng họ có hoạt động REM nhưng điều đó không có nghĩa là họ mơ ước.

Nó cũng có vẻ như là mơ ước là một kỹ năng phát triển khi bạn lớn lên, chẳng hạn như ngôn ngữ ví dụ. Ước mơ của trẻ nhỏ rất khác so với giấc mơ của những đứa trẻ lớn tuổi hơn và người lớn.

Nghiên cứu mới

Công nghệ hiện đại đã cho phép các nhà khoa học lập bản đồ các bộ phận của não hoạt động khi chúng ta mơ ước. Giun sơ khai rất năng động, nhưng cũng là những khu vực quan trọng khác ở phía trước của não. Đây là những thùy trán điều khiển cảm xúc, trí nhớ và kinh nghiệm đi qua các giác quan như nghe và nhìn. Nếu những khu vực này bị thương, người đó ngừng mơ. Mặt khác, các lĩnh vực kiểm soát suy nghĩ hợp lý, hợp lý không hoạt động chút nào. Điều này có thể giải thích tại sao những giấc mơ thật kỳ lạ. Họ không có trình tự hoặc thời gian hợp lý, điều này khiến họ rất khó giải thích cho người khác khi chúng tôi thức dậy. Giấc mơ kết hợp các sự kiện gần đây với những sự kiện trong quá khứ và cảm xúc của chúng ta trong khi chúng ta đang mơ ước thường rất mạnh.

Các nhà tâm lý học cũng đã thực hiện các nghiên cứu về những người giữ nhật ký trong một thời gian dài (đến 50 năm trong một số trường hợp) và nhận thấy rằng những gì chúng ta mơ ước có liên quan rất nhiều đến cách chúng ta suy nghĩ và hành xử khi chúng ta tỉnh táo. Vì vậy, một người hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm sẽ có những giấc mơ hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm. Một người nhút nhát sẽ là một người nhút nhát trong những giấc mơ của mình. Những người quan trọng đối với chúng ta thường có trong giấc mơ của chúng ta và những điều đó sẽ làm chúng ta lo lắng hoặc làm cho chúng ta hạnh phúc.

Vậy kết luận là gì?

Vâng, không ai thực sự biết. Nhưng các nhà khoa học hiện đang cho thấy những giấc mơ hoàn toàn không có mục đích. Khi chúng ta tỉnh dậy chúng ta đang 'suy nghĩ' mọi lúc. Một số suy nghĩ này là hữu ích và có một mục đích. Nhưng chúng ta thường chỉ "nghĩ" về không có gì đặc biệt trong khi chúng ta chờ xe buýt hoặc đi bộ để làm việc. Và đó là những gì mà bộ não đang làm khi chúng ta đang ngủ - chỉ cần suy nghĩ. Đôi khi nó thú vị và đôi khi nó là nhàm chán.

Làm nghiên cứu cho bài viết này đã làm tôi quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ước mơ của tôi chứ không phải là ít hơn. Tôi thậm chí có thể bắt đầu một nhật ký trong giấc mơ! Nhưng không có gì tôi đã đọc giải thích tại sao đôi khi tôi có một giấc mơ xấu hổ vì thấy mình đang đứng khỏa thân hoàn toàn tại bến xe buýt. May mắn thay, điều này đã không bao giờ xảy ra với tôi trong cuộc sống thực, và nó không phải là điều mà tôi nghĩ về khi tôi thức. Tôi được nói rằng đó là một ví dụ về 'giấc mơ phổ quát' - một giấc mơ phổ biến cho mọi người trên thế giới. Giấc mơ bay là một ví dụ khác. Vậy giải thích là gì? Chúng ta không thể chỉ "suy nghĩ" về cùng một điều, phải không?

1 tháng 2 2018

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in parular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this arle has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Would you like a robot in your house?It is now generally accepted that in the future robots will take over many of our tasks, especially jobs of a repetitive nature. But it's doubtful if robots will ever be able to do any of the more creative types of work - or indeed if people would want them to. In the home robots would probably be used to do the cleaning, table - laying, scrubbing and washing up, but it's considered unlike so far that they will  be used to do the cooking - at least not in...
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Would you like a robot in your house?It is now generally accepted that in the future robots will take over many of our tasks, especially jobs of a repetitive nature. But it's doubtful if robots will ever be able to do any of the more creative types of work - or indeed if people would want them to. In the home robots would probably be used to do the cleaning, table - laying, scrubbing and washing up, but it's considered unlike so far that they will  be used to do the cooking - at least not in the near future. Robots In the home  might not be creative enough  to do the cooking, plan the meals, and so on. They would be used as slaves, thereby freeing people to do more of the things they wanted.

1. What kind of job would a robot take over?

..................................................................................

2. What would robots do In the home  ?

.........................................................................

3.Can robots do creative work? Why? (Why not ? )

...................................................................................

4.  What would people use robots for?

...............................................................

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23 tháng 4 2018

Would you a robot in your house?It is now generally accepted that in the future robots will take over many of our tasks, especially jobs of a repetitive nature. But it's doubtful if robots will ever be able to do any of the more creative types of work - or indeed if people would want them to. In the home robots would probably be used to do the cleaning, table - laying, scrubbing and washing up, but it's considered un so far that they will be used to do the cooking - at least not in the near future. Robots In the home might not be creative enough to do the cooking, plan the meals, and so on. They would be used as slaves, thereby freeing people to do more of the things they wanted.

1. What kind of job would a robot take over?

........robots will take over many of our tasks, especially jobs of a repetitive nature.........

2. What would robots do In the home ?

..............In the home robots would probably be used to do the cleaning, table - laying, scrubbing and washing up................

3.Can robots do creative work? Why? (Why not ? )

..................No,they can't. Beacause they might not be creative enough to do the cooking, plan the meals, and so on............................

4. What would people use robots for?

..............They would be used as slaves, thereby freeing people to do more of the things they wanted............