Question

[Lê Quỳnh Anh]

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion. The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

FAccording to the passage, why were the remains of organisms trapped in swamps better preserved for the fossil record than those that were not?

A. The swamp environment reduced the amount of bacterial decay

B. Swamp waters contained higher amounts of materials such as calcium carbonate 

C. There were fewer sediments in swamps than in other bodies of water 

D. Swamp vegetation accelerated the decomposition of organisms

Answer 1

[Dương Hoàn Anh]

Chọn đáp án A

Kỹ năng: Đọc

Giải thích:

Câu hỏi: Theo đoạn văn, tại sao hài cốt các sinh vật bị mắc kẹt trong các đầm lầy được bảo quản tốt hơn

Đáp án A: Các môi trường đầm lầy làm giảm số lượng vi khuẩn phân hủy

Thông tin ở câu: “The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals”