Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

14 tháng 8 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memoiy by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM?

A. They revert from the long term memory

B. They are filtered from the sensory storage area

C. They get chunked when they enter the brain

D. They enter via the nervous system

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

14 tháng 8 2019

Đáp án B.

Key word: How, memories, transferred to the STM.

Clue: “How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area”: Làm thể nào để thông tin đến đó trong lần đầu? Thông tin sẽ tạo đường đến bộ nhớ tạm thời thông qua khu vực lưu trữ tri giác.

A. They revert from the long term memory: Chúng trở lại như cũ từ bộ nhớ dài hạn - Sai vì trong Clue là short term.

B. They are filtered (dịch chuyển) from the sensory storage area - Đúng (Tham khảo clue).

C. They get chunked when they enter the brain: Chúng bị phân đoạn khi vào não - Sai vì đây là thông tin ở đoạn 2 chứ không phải để trả lời câu hỏi.

D. They enter via the nervous system; Chúng đi qua hệ thần kinh - Sai (Tham khảo clue).

Kiến thức cần nhớ

Một số từ khóa trong bài:

- (time) elapse / i'læps/: thời gian trôi qua

- shortterm memory: trí nhớ ngắn hạn

- long term memory: trí nhớ dài hạn

- retrieve information: lấy lại/nhớ lại thông tin

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

2 tháng 10 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memoiy by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?

A. The working memory is the same as the short term memory

B. A memory is kept alive through constant repetition

C. Cues help people to recognize information

D. Multiple choice exams are the most difficult

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

2 tháng 10 2017

Đáp án D.

Clue: “The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization”: Càng nhiều gợi ý được cho (như tranh ảnh) thì càng nhiều khả năng trí nhớ được phục hồi. Đó là lý do tại sao nhiều bài kiểm tra nhiều lựa chọn thường được sử dụng cho các đối tượng đòi hỏi nhiều sự ghi nhớ.

Qua dẫn chứng trên ta thấy rằng tác giả đề cập đến bài thi trắc nghiệm nhiều lựa chọn chính là việc cung cấp nhiều dẫn chứng để giúp trí nhớ phục hồi, chứ không nói gì đến việc bài thi kiểu này là khó nhất → Đáp án đúng là D. Multiple choice exams are the most difficult.

Các đáp án còn lại là sai vi các thông tin đều được đề cập trong đoạn văn:

A. The working memory is the same as the short term memory - dẫn chứng ở câu: “...pass on to the STM also known as the working memory ”

B. A memory is kept alive through constant repetition - dẫn chứng ở câu: “By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive ”

C. Cues help people to recognize information - (Tham khảo clue phía trên).

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

28 tháng 8 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear.

When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting.

The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

How do theorists believe a person can remember more information in a short time?

A. By repeating it

B. By drawing it

C. By organizing it

D. By giving it a name

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

28 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án : C

THông tin ở cuối đoạn 2: “By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.”

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

19 tháng 10 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memoiy by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

The word “cues” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________.

A. questions

B. clues

C. images

D. tests

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

19 tháng 10 2017

Đáp án B.

Key word: Cue, paragraph 4.

- cue: gợi ý = clue.

Các đáp án còn lại là sai:

A. questions: câu hỏi

C. images: hình ảnh

D. tests: bài kiềm tra

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

8 tháng 10 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memoiy by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

The author believes that rote rotation is

A. the best way to remember something

B. more efficient than chunking

C. ineffective in the long run

D. an unnecessary interruption

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

8 tháng 10 2017

Đáp án C.

Key words: Rote rotation.

Clue: “Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory”: Do đó, việc học bằng cách nhắc lại không phải là một cách hiệu quả để truyền thông tin từ bộ nhớ ngắn sang bộ nhớ lâu dài. Đáp án đúng là C. ineffective in the long run.

Các đáp án còn lại là sai do thông tin không được đề cập:

A. the best way to remember something: Cách tốt nhất để nhớ điều gì đó.

B. more efficient than chunking: Hiệu quả hơn cách phân đoạn.

D. an unnecessary interruption: Một sự gián đoạn không cần thiết.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

17 tháng 6 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memoiy by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

Why does the author mention a dog's bark?

A. To give an example of a type of memory

B. To provide a type of interruption

C. To prove that dogs have better memories than humans

D. To compare another sound that is loud like a doorbell

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

17 tháng 6 2019

Đáp án B.

Key word: mention, a dog’s bark.

Clue: “If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly.”.- Nếu cái chuông cửa hay tiếng chó sủa xuất hiện trước khi một người sắp đi gọi điện thoại thì anh ta sẽ gần như quên số điện thoại ngay lập tức.

Qua dẫn chứng trên ta thấy rằng tác giả đề cập đến tiếng chó sủa chính là cung cấp một loại cản trở, gây ngắt quãng cho trí nhớ. → Đáp án đúng là B. To provide a type of interruption.

Các đáp án còn lại là sai:

A. To give an example of a type of memory: Để đưa ra một ví dụ về một loại bộ nhớ.

C. To prove that dogs have better memories than humans: Để chứng minh rằng con chó có trí nhớ tốt hơn con người.

D. To compare another sound that is loud like a doorbell: Để so sánh một âm thanh khác to như tiếng chuông cửa.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

28 tháng 1 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memoiy by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to_____.

A. a pen

B. a paper

C. a phone number

D. a person

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

28 tháng 1 2017

Đáp án C.

Key words: it, paragraph 3, refers.

Clue: “When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud.”: Khi trong tay không có bút và giấy, mọi người thường cố gắng nhớ số điện thoại bằng cách đọc to nó lên, lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần. Vậy đáp án đúng là C. a phone number.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

24 tháng 3 2019