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1) 2x2-8xy-5x+20y
=2x(x-4y)-5(x-4y)
=(2x-5)(x-4y)
2) x3-x2y-xy+y2
=x2(x-y)-y(x-y)
=(x2-y)(x-y)
3) x2-2xy-4z2+y2
=(x-y)2-(2z)2
=(x-y-2z)(x-y+2z)
4) a3+a2b-a2c-abc
=a2(a+b)-ac(a+b)
=(a2-ac)(a+b)
=a(a-c)(a+b)
5) x3+y3+3x2y+3xy2-x-y
=(x+y)(x2-xy+y2)+3xy(x+y)-(x+y)
=(x+y)(x2-xy+y2+3xy-1)
=(x+y)[(x+y)2-1)]
=(x+y)(x+y+1)(x+y-1)
6) x3+x2y-x2z-xyz
=x2(x+y)-xz(x+y)
=(x2-xz)(x+y)
=x(x-z)(x+y)
7) =[x(y+z)2-2xyz]+[y(z+x)2-2xyz]+z(x+y)2
=x(y2+z2)+y(z2+x2)+z(x+y)2
=xy(x+y)+z2(x+y)+z(x+y)2
=(x+y)(xy+z2+zx+zy)
=(x+y)(x+z)(y+z)
8) x3(z-y)+y3(x-z)+z3(y-x)
Tách x-z= -[z-y+y-x]
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=0\\xy+yz+zx=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\\2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz=0\\2xy+2yz+2xz=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz-2xy-2yz-2xz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\ge0\forall x\\y^2\ge0\forall y\\z^2\ge0\forall z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge0\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=0\\y^2=0\\z^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\\z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=0\Rightarrow dpcm\)
\(x+y+z=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz=x^2+y^z+z^2+0=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=0\)
b) Bằng chứ ^^
\(\left(x+y\right)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2=4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
1, 2x2 - 8xy - 5x + 20y
= (2x2 - 5x) - (8xy - 20y)
= x(2x - 5) - 4y(2x - 5)
= (2x - 5) (x - 4y)
2, x3 - x2y - xy + y2
= (x3 - xy) - (x2y - y2)
= x(x2 - y) - y(x2 - y)
= (x2 - y) (x - y)
3, x2 - 2xy - 4z2 + y2
= (x2 - 2xy + y2) - 4z2
= (x - y)2 - (2z)2
= (x - y - 2z) (x - y + 2z)
4, a3 + a2b - a2c - abc
= (a3 - a2c) + (a2b - abc)
= a2(a - c) + ab(a - c)
= (a - c) (a2 + ab)
5, x3 + y3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 - x - y
= (x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3) - (x + y)
= (x + y) 3 - (x + y)
= (x + y) [(x + y)2 - 1]
= (x + y) (x + y - 1) (x + y + 1)
Bài 3:
Gọi bốn số nguyên dương liên tiếp là x,x+1,x+2,x+3
Theo đề, ta có: \(x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)=120\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3x\right)\left(x^2+3x+2\right)=120\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3x\right)^2+2\left(x^2+3x\right)-120=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3x\right)^2+12\left(x^2+3x\right)-10\left(x^2+3x\right)-120=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3x+12\right)\left(x^2+3x-10\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+5\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
mà x là số nguyên dương
nên x=2
Vậy: Bốn số cần tìm là 2;3;4;5
\(3x\left(x+5\right)-\left(18+3x\right)\left(x-1\right)-1\)
\(=3x^2+15x-18x+18-3x^2+3x-1\)
\(=18-1\)
\(=17\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(3x\left(x+5\right)-\left(18+3x\right)\left(x-1\right)-1\)không phụ thuộc vào biến
đpcm
Bài 1:
\(x^2+y^2-2x-4y+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-4y+4)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(y-2)^2=0\)
Vì $(x-1)^2; (y-2)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$ nên để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì $(x-1)^2=(y-2)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow x=1; y=2$
Vậy...........
Bài 2:
Ta có:
\(a(a-b)+b(b-c)+c(c-a)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2a(a-b)+2b(b-c)+2c(c-a)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(c^2-2ca+a^2)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0\)
Lập luận tương tự bài 1, ta suy ra :
\((a-b)^2=(b-c)^2=(c-a)^2=0\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Khi đó, thay $b=c=a$ ta có:
\(P=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc+3ab-3c+5\)
\(=3a^3-3a^3+3a^2-3a+5=3a^2-3a+5\)
\(=3(a^2-a+\frac{1}{4})+\frac{17}{4}=3(a-\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{17}{4}\geq \frac{17}{4}\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{17}{4}$
Giá trị này đạt được tại $b=c=a=\frac{1}{2}$
a: \(\dfrac{y}{2x^2-xy}+\dfrac{4x}{2xy-x^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{y}{x\left(2x-y\right)}+\dfrac{4x}{x\left(2y-x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{y\left(2y-x\right)+4x\left(2x-y\right)}{x\left(2x-y\right)\left(2y-x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2y^2-xy+8x^2-4xy}{x\left(2x-y\right)\left(2y-x\right)}=\dfrac{8x^2-5xy+2y^2}{x\left(2x-y\right)\left(2y-x\right)}\)
b: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z-x\right)\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{z-x+x-y+y-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=0\)