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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+u_3=10\\\left(u_1+u_3\right)^2-2u_1u_3=50\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+u_3=10\\u_1u_3=25\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Viet đảo, \(u_1\) và \(u_3\) là nghiệm:
\(x^2-10x+25=0\Rightarrow x=5\)
\(\Rightarrow u_1=u_3=5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=5\\u_1q^2=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow q^2=1\Rightarrow q=\pm1\)
a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u5-u1=15\\u4-u1=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^4-u1=15\\u1\cdot q^3-u1=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\\u1\left(q^3-1\right)=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{q^4-1}{q^3-1}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
=>\(2\left(q^4-1\right)=5\left(q^3-1\right)\)
=>\(2q^4-2-5q^3+5=0\)
=>\(2q^4-5q^3+3=0\)
=>\(2q^4-2q^3-3q^3+3=0\)
=>\(2q^3\left(q-1\right)-3\left(q-1\right)\left(q^2+q+1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(q-1\right)\left(2q^3-3q^2-3q-3\right)=0\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=1\\q\simeq2,39\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(u1=\dfrac{6}{q^3-1}\simeq\dfrac{6}{2.39^3-1}\simeq0,47\)
b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1-u3+u5=65\\u1+u7=325\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1-u1\cdot q^2+u1\cdot q^4=65\\u1+u1\cdot q^6=325\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot\left(1-q^2+q^4\right)=65\\u1\left(1+q^6\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\dfrac{1-q^2+q^4}{1+q^6}=\dfrac{65}{325}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
=>\(\dfrac{1}{q^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
=>\(q^2+1=5\)
=>q^2=4
=>q=2 hoặc q=-2
TH1: q=2
=>\(u1=\dfrac{325}{q^6+1}=5\)
TH2: q=-2
=>\(u1=\dfrac{325}{\left(-2\right)^6+1}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1-u_1-2q+u_1+4q=65\\u_1+u_1+6q=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+2q=65\\2u1+6q=325\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>u1=-130; q=195/2
`u_n = u_1 + (n-1).d`
`{(u_1-u_3+u_5=65),(u_1+u_7=325):}`
`<=>{(u_1-u_1-2d+u_1+4d=65),(u_1+u_1+6d=325):}`
`<=>{(u_1+2d=65),(2u_1+6d=325):}`
`<=>{(u_1=-130),(u_2=195/2):}`
a:
ĐKXĐ: \(q\notin\left\{0;1;-1\right\}\)
\(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^4-u1=15\\u1\cdot q^3-u1\cdot q=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^4-1}{q^3-q}=\dfrac{15}{6}=\dfrac{5}{2}\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2q^4-2=5q^3-5q\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2q^4-5q^3+5q-2=0\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(q-2\right)\left(q-1\right)\left(q+1\right)\left(2q-1\right)=0\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=2\\q=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: q=2
=>\(u1=\dfrac{15}{2^4-1}=\dfrac{15}{15}=1\)
TH2: q=1/2
=>\(u1=\dfrac{15}{\dfrac{1}{16}-1}=15:\dfrac{-15}{16}=-16\)
b:
\(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1-u1\cdot q^2+u1\cdot q^4=65\\u1+u1\cdot q^6=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^4-q^2+1}{q^6+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\\u1\left(1+q^6\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{q^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q^2=4\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q\in\left\{2;-2\right\}\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow u1=\dfrac{325}{65}=5\)
c: \(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^3+u1\cdot q^5=-540\\u1\cdot q+u1\cdot q^3=-60\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^5+q^3}{q^3+q}=9\\u1\left(q+q^3\right)=-60\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q^2=9\\u1\left(q+q^3\right)=-60\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: q=3
\(u1=-\dfrac{60}{3+3^3}=-\dfrac{60}{30}=-2\)
TH2: q=-3
=>\(u1=-\dfrac{60}{-3-27}=\dfrac{60}{30}=2\)
a)
{u6=192u7=384⇔{u1.q5=192(1)u1.q6=384(2){u6=192u7=384⇔{u1.q5=192(1)u1.q6=384(2)
Lấy (2) chia (1): q = 2 thế vào (1):
(1) ⇔ u1.25 = 192 ⇔ u1 = 6
Vậy u1 = 6 và q = 2
b) Ta có:
{u4−u2=72u5−u3=144⇔{u1.q3−u1.q=72u1.q4−u1.q2=144⇔{u1.q(q2−1)=72(1)u1.q2(q2−1)=144(2){u4−u2=72u5−u3=144⇔{u1.q3−u1.q=72u1.q4−u1.q2=144⇔{u1.q(q2−1)=72(1)u1.q2(q2−1)=144(2)
Lấy 2 chia 1: q = 2 thế vào (1)
(1) ⇔2u1(4 – 1) = 72 ⇔ u1 = 12
Vậy u1 = 12 và q = 2
c) Ta có:
{u2+u5−u4=10u3+u6−u5=20⇔{u1.q+u1.q4−u1.q3=10u1.q2(q2−1)=144(2)⇔{u1q(1+q3−q2)=10(1)u1q(1+q3−q2)=20(2){u2+u5−u4=10u3+u6−u5=20⇔{u1.q+u1.q4−u1.q3=10u1.q2(q2−1)=144(2)⇔{u1q(1+q3−q2)=10(1)u1q(1+q3−q2)=20(2)
Lấy (2) chia (1): q = 2 thế vào (1)
(1) ⇔ 2u1 (1 + 8 – 4) = 10 ⇔ u1 = 1
Vậy u1 = 1 và q = 2
Gọi số hạng đầu và công bội của cấp số nhân là: \(u_1;q\).
a) Theo tính chất của cấp số nhân ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1q^4-u_1=15\\u_1q^3-u_1q=6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{u_1\left(q^4-1\right)}{u_1\left(q^3-q\right)}=\dfrac{15}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(q^2-1\right)\left(q^2+1\right)}{q\left(q^2-1\right)}=\dfrac{15}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{q^2+1}{q}=\dfrac{15}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(q^2+1\right)=15q\)\(\Leftrightarrow6q^2-15q+6=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=2\\q=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\).
Với \(q=2\).
Suy ra: \(u_1\left(q^4-q\right)=15\Rightarrow u_1=\dfrac{15}{q^4-q}=\dfrac{15}{14}\).
Với \(q=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra \(u_1=\dfrac{15}{q^4-q}=\dfrac{-240}{7}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+u_3=3\\\left(u_1+u_3\right)^2-2u_1u_3=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+u_3=3\\u_1u_3=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Viet đảo, \(u_1\) và \(u_3\) là nghiệm: \(t^2-3t+2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\u_3=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\u_1.q^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\q=\pm\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=2\\u_3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=2\\u_1q^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=2\\q=\pm\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\end{matrix}\right.\)