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3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Nhận xét: Với x,y > 0 ta có:
\(4xy\le\left(x+y\right)^2\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{x+y}{4xy}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
Xảy ra khi x = y
Áp dụng và bài ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\);
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Cộng 3 vế bđt có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Lời giải:
Do $abc=1$ nên tồn tại $x,y,z>0$ sao cho:\((a,b,c)=\left(\frac{x}{y}, \frac{y}{z}, \frac{z}{x}\right)\)
Bài toán trở thành:
Cho $x,y,z>0$. CMR: \(\frac{x^4}{yz(x^2+y^2)}+\frac{y^4}{xz(y^2+z^2)}+\frac{z^4}{xy(z^2+x^2)}\geq \frac{3}{2}\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{x^4}{yz(x^2+y^2)}+\frac{y^4}{xz(y^2+z^2)}+\frac{z^4}{xy(z^2+x^2)}=\frac{x^6}{x^2yz(x^2+y^2)}+\frac{y^6}{y^2xz(y^2+z^2)}+\frac{z^6}{z^2xy(z^2+x^2)}\)
\(\geq \frac{(x^3+y^3+z^3)^2}{x^2yz(x^2+y^2)+y^2xz(y^2+z^2)+z^2xy(z^2+x^2)}=\frac{(x^3+y^3+z^3)^2}{xyz(x^3+y^3+z^3+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2)}(*)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\geq 3xyz\Rightarrow \frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{3}\geq xyz(1)\)
Và:
\(x^3+y^3+y^3\geq 3xy^2; y^3+z^3+z^3\geq 3yz^2; z^3+x^3+x^3\geq 3zx^2\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn \(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3\geq xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(x^3+y^3+z^3)\geq x^3+y^3+z^3+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \frac{2}{3}(x^3+y^3+z^3)^2\geq xyz(x^3+y^3+z^3+xy^3+yz^2+zx^2)(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow \frac{x^4}{yz(x^2+y^2)}+\frac{y^4}{xz(y^2+z^2)}+\frac{z^4}{xy(z^2+x^2)}\geq \frac{(x^3+y^3+z^3)^2}{\frac{2}{3}(x^3+y^3+z^3)^2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z$ hay $a=b=c=1$
3.
\(\dfrac{2a^2}{b^2}+2\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi
+ \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\dfrac{a}{c}\)
......
tương tự với 2 cái sau
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(A=a+b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\)
\(=\left(a+\dfrac{1}{4a}\right)+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{4b}\right)+3\left(\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4b}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{a\cdot\dfrac{1}{4a}}+2\sqrt{b\cdot\dfrac{1}{4b}}+3\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3\cdot4}{4}=5=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
1: \(\Leftrightarrow a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}>=\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b-\sqrt{ab}\right)>=0\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}^2=\left[\frac{1}{a(a+1)}+\frac{1}{b(b+1)}+\frac{1}{c(c+1)}\right]^2\geq 3\left(\frac{1}{ab(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{1}{bc(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{1}{ca(a+1)(c+1)}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}^2\geq 3.\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+a+b+c}{abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}\geq 3.\frac{a+b+c+ab+bc+ac}{abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}^2\geq \frac{3}{abc}-\frac{3(abc+1)}{abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}\) \((1)\)
Ta sẽ cm \((a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq (1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^3\). Thật vậy:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}\)
Cộng theo vế: \(\Rightarrow 3\geq \frac{3(\sqrt[3]{abc}+1)}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq (\sqrt[3]{abc}+1)^3\) (2)
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}^2\geq \frac{3}{abc}-\frac{3(abc+1)}{abc(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^3}=\frac{9}{\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^2}=\text{VP}^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \text{VP}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\left(a;b;c\right)\rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\sum\dfrac{1}{2\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{y^2}{2x^2+y^2}=\sum\dfrac{y^4}{2x^2y^2+y^4}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}=1\)
[???]
Đặt \(\left(x^3;y^3;z^3\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
Ta cần chứng minh
\(\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}+\dfrac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}+\dfrac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\le1\)
Áp dụng AM-GM, ta có: \(x^3+y^3+1=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+xyz\)
\(\ge\left(x+y\right)xy+xyz=xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}\le\dfrac{1}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}\le\dfrac{1}{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\le\dfrac{1}{zx\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Cộng vế theo vế, ta được
\(....\le\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}.\dfrac{x+y+z}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{xyz}=1\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
1 slot :v