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a) \(\overrightarrow{u}=3\overrightarrow{a}+2\overrightarrow{b}-4\overrightarrow{c}=3\left(2;1\right)+2\left(3;-4\right)-4\left(-7;2\right)\)
\(=\left(6;3\right)+\left(6;-8\right)-\left(-28;8\right)\)
\(=\left(6+6+28;3-8-8\right)=\left(40;-13\right)\).
b) \(\overrightarrow{x}+\overrightarrow{a}=\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{c}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{x}=\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{c}-\overrightarrow{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{x}=\left(3;-4\right)-\left(-7;2\right)-\left(2;1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{x}=\left(3+7-2;-4-2-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{x}=\left(8;-7\right)\).
c) Có \(\overrightarrow{c}\left(-7;2\right)=k\overrightarrow{a}+h\overrightarrow{b}=k\left(2;1\right)+h\left(3;-4\right)\)
\(=\left(2k+3h;k-4h\right)\).
Từ đó suy ra: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2k+3h=-7\\k-4h=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}k=-2\\h=-1\end{matrix}\right.\).
a) \(\overrightarrow{a}\left(2;3\right)\)
b) \(\overrightarrow{b}\left(5;-1\right)\)
c) \(\overrightarrow{m}\left(0;-4\right)\)
a) Vì \(\overrightarrow {OA} = \overrightarrow u = (x;y)\) nên A(x; y).
Tương tự: do \(\overrightarrow {OB} = \overrightarrow v = \left( {x';y'} \right)\) nên B (x’; y’)
b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {OA} = (x;y) \Rightarrow O{A^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow {OA} } \right|^2} = {x^2} + {y^2}.\)
Và \(\overrightarrow {OB} = (x';y') \Rightarrow O{B^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow {OB} } \right|^2} = x{'^2} + y{'^2}.\)
Lại có: \(\overrightarrow {AB} = \overrightarrow {OB} - \overrightarrow {OA} = \left( {x';y'} \right) - \left( {x;y} \right) = \left( {x' - x;y' - y} \right)\)
\( \Rightarrow A{B^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow {AB} } \right|^2} = {\left( {x' - x} \right)^2} + {\left( {y' - y} \right)^2}.\)
c) Theo định lí cosin trong tam giác OAB ta có:
\(\cos \widehat O = \frac{{O{A^2} + O{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{{2.OA.OB}}\)
Mà \(\overrightarrow {OA} .\overrightarrow {OB} = \left| {\overrightarrow {OA} } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow {OB} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {OA} ,\overrightarrow {OB} } \right) = OA.OB.\cos \widehat O\)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {OA} .\overrightarrow {OB} = OA.OB.\frac{{O{A^2} + O{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{{2.OA.OB}} = \frac{{O{A^2} + O{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{2}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {OA} .\overrightarrow {OB} = \frac{{{x^2} + {y^2} + x{'^2} + y{'^2} - {{\left( {x' - x} \right)}^2} - {{\left( {y' - y} \right)}^2}}}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {OA} .\overrightarrow {OB} = \frac{{ - \left( { - 2x'.x} \right) - \left( { - 2y'.y} \right)}}{2} = x'.x + y'.y\end{array}\)
a) Tọa độ vectơ \(\overrightarrow u = \left( {2.\left( { - 1} \right) + 3 - 3.2;2.2 + 1 - 3.\left( { - 3} \right)} \right) = \left( { - 5;14} \right)\)
b) Do \(\overrightarrow x + 2\overrightarrow b = \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow c \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow x = \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow c - 2\overrightarrow b = \left( { - 1 + 2 - 2.3;2 + \left( { - 3} \right) - 2.1} \right) = \left( { - 5; - 3} \right)\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow x = \left( { - 5; - 3} \right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{x}=\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}=\left(1+0;-2+3\right)=\left(1;1\right)\).
\(\overrightarrow{y}=\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}=\left(0-1;3-\left(-2\right)\right)=\left(-1;5\right)\).
\(\overrightarrow{z}=3\overrightarrow{a}-4\overrightarrow{b}=3\left(1;-2\right)-4\left(0;3\right)=\left(3;-6\right)-\left(0;12\right)\)\(=\left(3;-18\right)\).
a) Đúng
b) Sai vì: \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}=\left(0;2\right)\ne\overrightarrow{0}\).
c) Sai vì \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}=\left(7;7\right)\ne\overrightarrow{0}\)
a) \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}=\left(2;-2\right)+\left(1;4\right)=\left(3;2\right)\).
\(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}=\left(2;-2\right)-\left(1;4\right)=\left(1;-6\right)\).
\(2\overrightarrow{a}+3\overrightarrow{b}=2\left(2;-2\right)+3\left(1;4\right)=\left(4;-4\right)+\left(3;12\right)\)\(=\left(7;8\right)\).
c) Gọi x và y là hai số thực để:
\(\overrightarrow{c}=x\overrightarrow{a}+y\overrightarrow{b}=x\left(2;-2\right)+y\left(1;4\right)=\left(2x+y;-2x+4y\right)\)
Từ đó suy ra: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=5\\-2x+4y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\).
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{c}=2\overrightarrow{a}+1\overrightarrow{b}\).
a) \(\overrightarrow{a}=2\overrightarrow{u}+3\overrightarrow{v}=2\left(3;-4\right)+3\left(2;5\right)=\left(6;-8\right)+\left(6;15\right)\)\(=\left(12;7\right)\).
b) \(\overrightarrow{b}=\overrightarrow{u}-\overrightarrow{v}=\left(3;-4\right)-\left(2;5\right)=\left(1;-9\right)\).
c) Hai véc tơ \(\overrightarrow{c}=\left(m;10\right)\) và \(\overrightarrow{v}\) cùng phương khi và chỉ khi:
\(\dfrac{m}{2}=\dfrac{10}{5}=2\Rightarrow m=4\).