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Ví dụ 5 :
n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)
n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)
=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)
V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)
=> [H+ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M
=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2
\(n_{H^+}=0,3.0,09+0,06.2.0,001V=0,02712\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow pH=-log\left[H^+\right]=1,0969\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[H^+\right]\approx0,08\left(M\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddsau}\approx\dfrac{0,02712}{0,08}\approx0,339\left(l\right)\approx339\left(ml\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{ddH_2SO_4}\approx339-300\approx39\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=0,2.0,3=0,06mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.0,05=0,01mol\)
2KOH+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)K2SO4+2H2O
\(\dfrac{0,06}{2}=0,03>\dfrac{0,01}{1}=0,01\)
KOH dư, H2SO4 hết
\(n_{KOH}\left(pu\right)=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,02mol\)
\(n_{KOH\left(dư\right)}=0,06-0,02=0,04mol\)
Vdd=200+200=400ml=0,4 lít
\(C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{n}{v}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,4}=0,1M\)
pH=14+lg[OH-]=14+lg0,1=13
1. nNa=nNaOH=a mol
nBa=nBa(OH)2=2a mol
=>nOH-=nNaOH + 2nBa(OH)2=5a mol (1)
pH =12=>pOH=2=> [OH-]=0,01M
=>nOH-=1,5*0.01 (2)
Từ (1) (2) => 1,5*0,01=5a => a=>nNa,nBa=>mNa,mBa
Đặt \(n_{HCl}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=2a\left(mol\right)\\n_{HNO_3}=2a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{a}{0,05}\left(l\right)\\V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{2a}{0,02}=\dfrac{a}{0,01}\left(l\right)\\V_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{2a}{0,06}=\dfrac{a}{0,03}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=7a\left(mol\right);V_{dd}=\dfrac{a}{0,05}+\dfrac{a}{0,01}+\dfrac{a}{0,03}=\dfrac{460a}{3}\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(\dfrac{7a}{\dfrac{460a}{3}}\right)=1,34\)