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Lời giải:
Ta có:
Áp dụng công thức lượng giác: \(\sin (a-b)=\sin a\cos b-\cos a\sin b\)
thì:
\(\sqrt{3}\sin x-\cos x=-2\left(\frac{1}{2}\cos x-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sin x\right)=-2\left(\sin \frac{\pi}{6}\cos x-\cos \frac{\pi}{6}\sin x\right)\)
\(=-2\sin \left(\frac{\pi}{6}-x\right)\)
Do đó: \(\lim_{x\to \frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{\sqrt{3}\sin x-\cos x}{\sin (\frac{\pi}{3}-2x)}=-2\lim_{x\to \frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{\sin \left ( \frac{\pi}{6}-x \right )}{\sin \left [ 2(\frac{\pi}{6}-x) \right ]}\)
\(=-\lim_{x\to \frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{\sin \left ( \frac{\pi}{6}-x \right )}{\frac{\pi}{6}-x}.\lim_{x\to \frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{1}{\frac{\sin\left [ 2(\frac{\pi}{6}-x) \right ]}{2(\frac{\pi}{6}-x)}}=-1.1.1=-1\)
(sử dụng công thức \(\lim_{t\to 0} \frac{\sin t}{t}=1\) . Trong TH bài toán \(x\to \frac{\pi}{6}\Rightarrow \frac{\pi}{6}-x\to 0\) )
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{sin\left(\frac{x-a}{2}\right)}{\frac{x-a}{2}}.cos\left(\frac{x+a}{2}\right)=1.cos\left(\frac{a+a}{2}\right)=cosa\)
b/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow\pi}\frac{sin\frac{\pi}{2}-sin\frac{x}{2}}{\pi-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow\pi}\frac{sin\left(\frac{\pi-x}{4}\right)}{\frac{\pi-x}{4}}.\frac{cos\left(\frac{\pi+x}{4}\right)}{2}=\frac{cos\left(\frac{\pi+\pi}{4}\right)}{2}=0\)
c/ Đặt \(x-\frac{\pi}{3}=a\Rightarrow x=a+\frac{\pi}{3}\)
\(\lim\limits_{a\rightarrow0}\frac{sina}{1-2cos\left(a+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)}=\lim\limits_{a\rightarrow0}\frac{sina}{1-cosa+\sqrt{3}sina}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{a\rightarrow0}\frac{2sin\frac{a}{2}cos\frac{a}{2}}{-2sin^2\frac{a}{2}+2\sqrt{3}sin\frac{a}{2}cos\frac{a}{2}}=\lim\limits_{a\rightarrow0}\frac{cos\frac{a}{2}}{-sin\frac{a}{2}+\sqrt{3}cos\frac{a}{2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
d/Ta có: \(tana-tanb=\frac{sina}{cosa}-\frac{sinb}{cosb}=\frac{sina.cosb-cosa.sinb}{cosa.cosb}=\frac{sin\left(a-b\right)}{cosa.cosb}\)
Áp dụng:
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{\left(tanx-tana\right)\left(tanx+tana\right)}{\frac{sin\left(x-a\right)}{cos\left(x-a\right)}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{sin\left(x-a\right)\left(tanx+tana\right).cos\left(x-a\right)}{sin\left(x-a\right).cosx.cosa}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{\left(tanx+tana\right).cos\left(x-a\right)}{cosx.cosa}\)
\(=\frac{2tana}{cos^2a}\)
a/ \(\lim\limits_{x\to 1} f(x)=\frac{x^{2}-5x + 6}{x-2} \)
\(<=>\lim\limits_{x\to 1} f(x)=\dfrac{(x-3)(x-2)}{x-2} \)
<=>\(\lim\limits_{x\to 1} f(x)=x-3 \)
\(<=>\lim\limits_{x\to 1} f(x)=-2\)
3.3 d)
\(\sin8x-\cos6x=\sqrt{3}\left(\sin6x+\cos8x\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sin8x-\sqrt{3}\cos8x=\sqrt{3}\sin6x+\cos6x\\ \Leftrightarrow\sin\left(8x-\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=\sin\left(6x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}8x-\dfrac{\pi}{3}=6x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k2\pi\\8x-\dfrac{\pi}{3}=\pi-\left(6x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\x=\dfrac{\pi}{12}+k\dfrac{\pi}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3.4 a)
\(2sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)+4sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow2cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)+4sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow2cos\left(-x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)+4sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow2cos\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)+4sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{5}\\ \)
Chia hai vế cho \(\sqrt{2^2+4^2}=2\sqrt{5}\)
Ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}cos\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}}sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \)
Gọi \(\alpha\) là góc có \(cos\alpha=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\)và \(sin\alpha=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\)
Phương trình tương đương:
\(cos\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}-\alpha\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\pm arscos\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)+\dfrac{\pi}{4}+\alpha+k2\pi\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x^3-3x+2}{x^4-4x+3}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x^2+2x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x+2}{x^2+2x+3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2^-}\dfrac{x^3+x^2-4x-4}{x^2-4x+4}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2^-}\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+3x+2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2^-}\dfrac{x^2+3x+2}{x-2}=-\infty\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{\left(x^2-x-2\right)^{20}}{\left(x^3-12x+16\right)^{10}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^{20}\left(x-2\right)^{20}}{\left(x+4\right)^{10}\left(x-2\right)^{20}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^{20}}{\left(x+4\right)^{10}}=\dfrac{3^{10}}{2^{10}}\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}\dfrac{4x^2+5x}{x^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}\dfrac{4x+5}{x}=-\infty\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+2}-1}{\sqrt{x+5}-2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+5}+2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+2}+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+5}+2}{\sqrt{x+2}+1}=2\)
Chứng minh các biểu thức đã cho không phụ thuộc vào x.
Từ đó suy ra f'(x)=0
a) f(x)=1⇒f′(x)=0f(x)=1⇒f′(x)=0 ;
b) f(x)=1⇒f′(x)=0f(x)=1⇒f′(x)=0 ;
c) f(x)=\(\frac{1}{4}\)(\(\sqrt{2}\)-\(\sqrt{6}\))=>f'(x)=0
d,f(x)=\(\frac{3}{2}\)=>f'(x)=0
Đặt \(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}=t\Rightarrow x=t+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\)
\(\lim\limits_{t\rightarrow0}\dfrac{2sin\left(t+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)-1}{t}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{3}sint+cost-1}{t}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{t\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{3}sint-2sin^2\dfrac{t}{2}}{t}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\sqrt{3}.\dfrac{sint}{t}-\dfrac{sin\dfrac{t}{2}}{\dfrac{t}{2}}.sin\dfrac{t}{2}\right)=\sqrt{3}.1-1.0=\sqrt{3}\)