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\(A=x^2+2y^2-2xy+4x-2y+12\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+4x\right)+2y^2-2y+12\)
\(=\left[x^2-2x\left(y-2\right)+\left(y-2\right)^2\right]+2y^2-2y+12-\left(y-2\right)^2\)\(=\left(x-y+2\right)^2+2y^2-2y+12-y^2+4y-4\)
\(=\left(x-y+2\right)^2+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+7\)
\(=\left(x-y+2\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+7\ge7\)
Vậy \(Min_A=7\) khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-y+2=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1+2=0\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài làm:
a) Sửa đề:
\(A=4x-x^2=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+4\le4\left(\forall x\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(-\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy \(A_{Max}=4\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(B=-x^2-4x+5=-\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+9\)
\(=-\left(x+2\right)^2+9\le9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(-\left(x+2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
Vậy \(B_{Max}=9\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
c) \(C=-x^2-2y^2-2xy+2y\)
\(C=-\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+1\)
\(C=-\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(y-1\right)^2+1\le1\left(\forall x,y\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\hept{\begin{cases}-\left(x+y\right)^2=0\\-\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(C_{Max}=1\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
a) Sửa : A = 4x - x2
A = -x2 + 4x - 4 + 4
A = -( x2 - 4x + 4 ) + 4
A = -( x - 2 )2 + 4
-( x - 2 )2 ≤ 0 ∀ x => -( x - 2 ) + 4 ≤ 4
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x - 2 = 0 => x = 2
Vậy AMax = 4 , đạt được khi x = 2
b) B = -x2 - 4x + 5 = -x2 - 4x - 4 + 9 = -( x2 + 4x + 4 ) + 9 = -( x + 2 )2 + 9
-( x + 2 )2 ≤ 0 ∀ x => -( x + 2 )2 + 9 ≤ 9
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x + 2 = 0 => x = -2
Vậy BMax = 9, đạt được khi x = -2
c) C = -x2 - 2y2 - 2xy + 2y
= ( -x2 - 2xy - y2 ) + ( -y2 + 2y -1 ) + 1
= -( x2 + 2xy + y2 ) - ( y2 - 2y + 1 ) + 1
= -( x + y )2 - ( y - 1 )2 + 1
\(\hept{\begin{cases}-\left(x+y\right)^2\le0\\-\left(y-1\right)^2\le0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}-\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(y-1\right)^2+1\le1\forall x,y\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\y=1\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy CMax = 1 , đạt được khi x = -1 ; y = 1
Câu 1 :
\(E=4x^2+y^2-4x-2y+3\)
\(E=\left(2x\right)^2-2\cdot2x\cdot1+1^2+y^2-2\cdot y\cdot1+1^2+1\)
\(E=\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x;y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x-1=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Câu 2 :
\(G=x^2+2y^2+2xy-2y\)
\(G=x^2+2xy+y^2+y^2-2.y\cdot1+1^2-1\)
\(G=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2-1\ge-1\forall x;y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+1=0\\y=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=1\end{cases}}}\)
\(A=x^2+2xy+2y^2+2x-4y+2013\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2+1+2x+2y+2xy\right)-1-2y+y^2-4y+2013\)\(=\left(x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y^2-2.y.3+9\right)-9+2012\)
\(=\left(x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2003\)
mà \(\left(x+y+1\right)^2,\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=x^2+2xy+2y^2+2x-4y+2013=\left(x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2003\ge2003\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(A\right)=2003\)
\(A=x^2-2xy-12x+6y^2+2y+45\)
\(=x^2-2x\left(y+6\right)+\left(y+6\right)^2-\left(y+6\right)^2+6y^2+2y+45\)
\(=\left(x-\left(y+6\right)\right)^2-y^2-12y-36+6y^2+2y+45\)
\(=\left(x-y-6\right)^2+5y^2-10y+5+4=\left(x-y-6\right)^2+5\left(y-1\right)^2+4\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=4\)khi \(y=1\)và \(x=7\)
\(A=x^2+2y^2-2xy+4x-2y+12\)
\(A=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+y^2+4x-2y+12\)
\(A=\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right).2+4\right]+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+7\)
\(A=\left(x-y+2\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+7\)
Mà \(\left(x-y+2\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge7\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y+2=0\\y+1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=-1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(A_{Min}=7\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(-3;-1\right)\)