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Lời giải:
Ta có \(1=x^3+y^3+z^3=(x+y+z)^3-3(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)=(x+y+z)^3-1=0\)
Do đó bắt buộc tồn tại một trong ba số \(x+y,y+z,z+x\) bằng $0$
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x+y=0\Rightarrow z=1-(x+y)=1\)
Khi đó :
\(M=x^{2015}+y^{2015}+z^{2015}=(x+y)A+1^{2015}=0.A+1=1\)
Vậy \(M=1\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+xy+y=1\\y+yz+z=3\\z+zx+x=7\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)=2\\y\left(z+1\right)+\left(z+1\right)=4\\z\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=2\\\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=4\\\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\right]^2=64\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=8\) ( do x,y,z không âm )
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\\y+1=1\\z+1=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=0\\z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=3^{2017}+1\)
\(\frac{x}{y+z+t}=\frac{y}{z+t+x}=\frac{z}{t+x+y}=\frac{t}{x+y+z}\)
Từ giả thiết :
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\frac{y}{z+t+x}+1=\frac{z}{t+x+y}+1=\frac{t}{x+y+z}+1\)
Hay: \(\frac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t}=\frac{y+z+t+x}{z+t+x}=\frac{z+t+x+y}{t+x+y}=\frac{t+x+y+z}{x+y+z}\)
a, Nếu \(x+y+z+t=0\) thì \(M=-4\)
b, Nếu \(x+y+z+t\ne0\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\) nên \(M=4\)
\(VP=\frac{x}{y+z+t}+\frac{y}{z+t+x}+\frac{z}{t+x+y}+\frac{t}{x+y+z}+\frac{y+z+t}{x}+\frac{z+t+x}{y}+\frac{t+x+y}{z}+\frac{x+y+z}{t}=\left(\frac{x}{y+z+t}+\frac{y+z+t}{9x}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z+t+x}+\frac{z+t+x}{9y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{t+x+y}+\frac{t+x+y}{9z}\right)+\left(\frac{t}{x+y+z}+\frac{x+y+z}{9t}\right)+\frac{8}{9}\left(\frac{y+z+t}{x}+\frac{z+t+x}{y}+\frac{t+x+y}{z}+\frac{x+y+z}{t}\right)\)\(\ge8\sqrt[8]{\frac{x}{y+z+t}.\frac{y}{z+t+x}.\frac{z}{t+x+y}.\frac{t}{x+y+z}.\frac{y+z+t}{9x}.\frac{z+t+x}{9y}.\frac{t+x+y}{9z}.\frac{x+y+z}{9t}}+\frac{8}{9}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{t}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{t}{y}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{t}{z}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{x}{t}+\frac{y}{t}+\frac{z}{t}\right)\)\(\ge\frac{8}{3}+\frac{8}{9}.12\sqrt[12]{\frac{y}{x}.\frac{z}{x}.\frac{t}{x}.\frac{z}{y}.\frac{t}{y}.\frac{x}{y}.\frac{t}{z}.\frac{x}{z}.\frac{y}{z}.\frac{x}{t}.\frac{y}{t}.\frac{z}{t}}=\frac{8}{3}+\frac{8}{9}.12=\frac{40}{3}=VT\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = t > 0
áp dụng định lí Pain có
\(\frac{\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{3\left(x+y+z+t\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)
tương tự
theo định lí Pain có
\(E=\frac{2\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{2\left(x+y+z+t\right)}=1\)
P/S : chém bừa ( i love you)
\(\text{Xét 2 khoảng ta có:}\)
* \(\text{Nếu x + y + z + t = 0 thì }E=-1+-1+-1+-1=-4\)
* \(\text{Nếu }x+y+z+t\ne0\text{ thì }\)
\(\frac{x}{y+z+t}=\frac{y}{x+z+t}=\frac{z}{x+y+t}=\frac{t}{x+y+z}=\frac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t+x+z+t+x+y+t+x+y+z}=\frac{1}{3}\left(\text{Dãy tỉ sô băng nhau}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{3\left(y+z+t\right)};y=\frac{1}{3\left(x+z+t\right)};z=\frac{1}{3\left(x+y+t\right)};t=\frac{1}{3\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)
Lấy ví dụ là x ta có:
\(E=\frac{2x}{2x}+\frac{2x}{2x}+\frac{2x}{2x}+\frac{2x}{2x}=4\)