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\(\dfrac{2n+1}{n-1}=\dfrac{2n-2+3}{n-1}=\dfrac{2n-2}{n-1}+\dfrac{3}{n-1}=2+\dfrac{3}{n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow3⋮n-1\Rightarrow n-1\inƯ\left(3\right)\)
\(Ư\left(3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
Xét ước
\(n^2+1⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+2n-2n+1⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+2n-2n-4+5⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+2\right)-2\left(n+2\right)+5⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-2\right)\left(n+2\right)+5⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow5⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow n+2\inƯ\left(5\right)\)
\(Ư\left(5\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\)
Xét ước
\(\dfrac{n^2-3n+2}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2-3n+2⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+n-4n+2⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+n-4n-4+6⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+1\right)-4\left(n+1\right)+6⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-4\right)\left(n+1\right)+6⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow6⋮n+1\Rightarrow n+1\inƯ\left(6\right)\)
\(Ư\left(6\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm3;\pm6\right\}\)
Xét ước
a) Để \(H=\frac{9}{\sqrt{n}-5}\)là 1 số nguyên
\(\Rightarrow9⋮\sqrt{n}-5\Rightarrow\sqrt{n}-5\inƯ\left(9\right)=\left(\pm1;\pm3;\pm9\right)\)
Ta có bảng sau:
| \(\sqrt{n}-5\) | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 | 9 | -9 |
| \(\sqrt{n}\) | 6 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 14 | -4 |
| \(n\) | 2.44 | 2 | 2.828 | 1.41 | 3.74 | -2 |
Mà \(n\in Z\Rightarrow n\in\left(2;-2\right)\)
3a)Vì A là số nguyên
=>\(3n+9⋮n-4=>3n-12+21⋮n-4=>3.\left(n-4\right)+21⋮n-4\)
Mà \(\text{3 . (n - 4)}⋮n-4\)
=>\(21⋮n-4=>n-4\inƯ\left(21\right)=\left\{-21;-7;-3;-1;1;3;7;21\right\}\)
(Vì n là số nguyên => n - 4 là 1 số nguyên)
=>\(n\in\left\{-17;-3;1;3;5;9;11;25\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
| n | -17 | -3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 25 |
| 3n + 9 | -42 | 0 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 36 | 42 | 84 |
| n - 4 | -21 | -7 | -3 | -1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 21 |
| \(A=\dfrac{3n+9}{n-4}\) | 2 | 0 | -4 | -18 | 24 | 12 | 6 | 4 |
Vậy.....
b)Vì B là số nguyên
=>\(2n-1⋮n+5=>2n+10-11⋮n+5=>2\left(n+5\right)-11⋮n+5\)
Mà \(\text{2 ( n + 5)}⋮n+5\)
=>\(11⋮n+5=>n+5\in\left\{-11;-1;1;11\right\}\)
(Vì n là số nguyên=> n + 5 là số nguyên)
=> \(n\in\left\{-16;-6;-4;6\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
| n | -16 | -6 | -4 | 6 |
| 2 n - 1 | -33 | -13 | -9 | 11 |
| n + 5 | -11 | -1 | 1 | 11 |
| \(B=\dfrac{2n-1}{n+5}\) | 3 | 13 | -9 |
1 |
Vậy.......
Bài 1.
Giải
a) Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{3n+9}{n-4}=\dfrac{3n-12+21}{n-4}=\dfrac{3\left(n-4\right)+21}{n-4}=3+\dfrac{21}{n-4}\)
Để \(A\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{21}{n-4}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow21⋮\left(n-4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-4\right)\inƯ\left(21\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-4\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm3;\pm7;\pm21\right\}\)
Ta có bẳng sau:
| \(n-4\) | \(-21\) | \(-7\) | \(-3\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(3\) | \(7\) | \(21\) |
| \(n\) | \(-17\) | \(-3\) | \(1\) | \(3\) | \(5\) | \(7\) | \(11\) | \(25\) |
Vậy \(n\in\left\{-17;-3;1;3;5;7;11;25\right\}\) thì \(A\in Z.\)
b) Ta có: \(B=\dfrac{6n+5}{2n-1}=\dfrac{6n-3+8}{2n-1}=\dfrac{3\left(2n-1\right)+8}{2n-1}=3+\dfrac{8}{2n-1}\)
Để \(B\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{8}{2n-1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow8⋮\left(2n-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-1\right)\inƯ\left(8\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-1\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm8\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
| \(2n-1\) | \(-8\) | \(-4\) | \(-2\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(2\) | \(4\) | \(8\) |
| \(2n\) | \(-7\) | \(-3\) | \(-1\) | \(0\) | \(2\) | \(3\) | \(5\) | \(9\) |
| \(n\) | \(\dfrac{-7}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{-3}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{-1}{2}\) | \(0\) | \(1\) | \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{5}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{9}{2}\) |
Vậy \(n\in\left\{\dfrac{-7}{2};\dfrac{-3}{2};\dfrac{-1}{2};0;1;\dfrac{3}{2};\dfrac{5}{2};\dfrac{9}{2}\right\}\)
Bạn Nguyen Thi Huyen giải bài 1 rồi nên mình giải tiếp các bài kia nhé!
Bài 2:
\(\dfrac{x-18}{2000}+\dfrac{x-17}{2001}=\dfrac{x-16}{2002}+\dfrac{x-15}{2003}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-18}{2000}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-17}{2001}-1\right)=\left(\dfrac{x-16}{2002}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-15}{2003}-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2018}{2000}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2001}=\dfrac{x-2018}{2002}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2003}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2018}{2000}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2001}-\dfrac{x-2018}{2002}-\dfrac{x-2018}{2003}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2018\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}\right)=0\)
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{1}{2000}>\dfrac{1}{2001}>\dfrac{1}{2002}>\dfrac{1}{2003}\) nên:
\(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}+\dfrac{1}{2002}+\dfrac{1}{2003}\ne0\). Do đó:
\(x-2018=0\Leftrightarrow x=2018\)
Bài 3:
a) \(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{20}{4x}+\dfrac{xy}{4x}=\dfrac{20+xy}{4x+4x}=\dfrac{20+xy}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Hoán vị ngoại tỉ ta có: \(\dfrac{20+xy}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=8\)
Thế x = 8 vào : \(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\) .Ta có: \(\dfrac{5}{8}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{-2}{4}\). Ta có: \(\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{-2}{4}\Leftrightarrow y=-2\)
Vậy: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{2}{y}=\dfrac{3}{1}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}-2=\dfrac{3}{1}\) (hoán vị ngoại tỉ)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}=\dfrac{5}{1}\). Suy ra nghiệm x,y có dạng \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1k\\y=5k\end{matrix}\right.\left(k\in Z\right)\). Bằng các phép thử lại ta dễ dàng suy ra x,y vô nghiệm.
Ta có: \(\dfrac{3n+2}{4n-5}=\dfrac{4\left(3n+2\right)}{4n-5}=\dfrac{12n+8}{4n-5}=\dfrac{3\left(4n-5\right)+23}{4n-5}=3+\dfrac{23}{4n-5}\)
Để \(\dfrac{3n+2}{4n-5}\) là số tự nhiên
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{23}{4n-5}\)là số tự nhiên
\(\Rightarrow\)23 chia hết cho 4n-5
\(\Rightarrow\)4n-5\(\in\) Ư(23)
\(\Rightarrow\)4n-5\(\in\){1;23}
Nếu 4n- 5= 1\(\Rightarrow\) 4n= 6\(\Rightarrow\) n= \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)(Không thỏa mãn n\(\in\) Z)
Nếu 4n- 5=23\(\Rightarrow\) 4n= 28\(\Rightarrow\) n= 7( Thỏa mãn n\(\in\) Z)
Vậy n=7 thì\(\dfrac{3n+2}{4n-5}\) là số tự nhiên.
\(\dfrac{3n+2}{4n-5}\in N\Rightarrow3n+2⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(3n+2\right)⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow12n+8⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow12n-15+23⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(4n-5\right)+23⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow23⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow4n-5\in U\left(23\right)\)
\(U\left(23\right)=\left\{1;23\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4n-5=1\Rightarrow4n=6\Rightarrow n=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(KTM\right)\\4n-5=23\Rightarrow4n=28\Rightarrow n=7\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{3n+1}{n+1}=\dfrac{3n+3-2}{n+1}=\dfrac{3\left(n+1\right)-2}{n+1}=3-\dfrac{2}{n+1}\)
Để \(\dfrac{3n+1}{n+1}\) đạt giá trị nguyên thì \(\dfrac{2}{n+1}\) đạt giá trị nguyên
\(\Leftrightarrow2⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1\inƯ_{\left(2\right)}\)
Mà \(Ư_{\left(2\right)}\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau :
| \(n+1\) | \(1\) | \(-1\) \(\) | \(2\) | \(-2\) |
| \(n\) | \(0\) | \(-2\) | \(1\) | \(-3\) |
Vậy \(n\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3\right\}\)
a: \(\left(x+2\right)^2+3>=3\)
=>M<=3/3=1
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-2
b: Để N là số nguyên thì \(3n-12+21⋮n-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n-4\in\left\{1;3;7;21;-1;-3;-7;-21\right\}\)
hay \(n\in\left\{5;7;11;25;3;1;-3;-17\right\}\)
a) \(2^{-1}\cdot2^n+4\cdot2^n=9\cdot2^5\)
\(\Rightarrow2^n\cdot\left(2^{-1}+4\right)=9\cdot2^5\)
\(\Rightarrow2^n\cdot4,5=288\)
\(\Rightarrow2^n=64\)
\(\Rightarrow n=6\)
b) \(2^m-2^n=1984\)
\(\Rightarrow2^n\cdot\left(2^{m-n}-1\right)=2^6\cdot31\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2^n=2^6\\2^{m-n}-1=31\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n=6\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{m-n}=32\Rightarrow m-n=5\Rightarrow m=11\)