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\(B=3x^2-5x+7=3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2+\frac{59}{12}\ge\frac{59}{12}\)
\(C=x^2-4x+3+11=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+10=\left(x-2\right)^2+10\ge10\)
\(D=-x^2-4x-y^2+2y=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+5=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2\right]+5\le5\)
Bài 7: Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a) Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-2a+2b\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b-2\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(3x-3y-5x\left(y-x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)+5x\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(3+5x\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(16-x^2+4xy-4y^2\)
\(=16-\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)\)
\(=16-\left(x-2y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(4-x+2y\right)\left(4+x-2y\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(\left(x-y+4\right)^2-\left(2x+3y-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y+4-2x-3y+1\right)\left(x-y+4+2x+3y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(5-x-4y\right)\left(3x+2y+3\right)\)
e) Ta có: \(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+1\)
\(=\left(x^4+2x^2+1\right)+\left(x^3+x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)^2+x\left(x^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+1+x\right)\)
f) Ta có: \(\left(x+3\right)^3+\left(x-3\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+3+x-3\right)\left[\left(x+3\right)^2-\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)+\left(x-3\right)^2\right]\)
\(=2x\cdot\left[x^2+6x+9-\left(x^2-9\right)+x^2-6x+9\right]\)
\(=2x\cdot\left(2x^2+18-x^2+9\right)\)
\(=2x\cdot\left(x^2+27\right)\)
g) Ta có: \(9x^2-3xy+y-6x+1\)
\(=\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)-y\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-1\right)^2-y\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-1\right)\left(3x-1-y\right)\)
h) Ta có: \(x^3-4x^2+12x-27\)
\(=x^3-3x^2-x^2+3x+9x-27\)
\(=x^2\left(x-3\right)-x\left(x-3\right)+9\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-x+9\right)\)
Bài 1.
a) x( 8x - 2 ) - 8x2 + 12 = 0
<=> 8x2 - 2x - 8x2 + 12 = 0
<=> 12 - 2x = 0
<=> 2x = 12
<=> x = 6
b) x( 4x - 5 ) - ( 2x + 1 )2 = 0
<=> 4x2 - 5x - ( 4x2 + 4x + 1 ) = 0
<=> 4x2 - 5x - 4x2 - 4x - 1 = 0
<=> -9x - 1 = 0
<=> -9x = 1
<=> x = -1/9
c) ( 5 - 2x )( 2x + 7 ) = ( 2x - 5 )( 2x + 5 )
<=> -4x2 - 4x + 35 = 4x2 - 25
<=> -4x2 - 4x + 35 - 4x2 + 25 = 0
<=> -8x2 - 4x + 60 = 0
<=> -8x2 + 20x - 24x + 60 = 0
<=> -4x( 2x - 5 ) - 12( 2x - 5 ) = 0
<=> ( 2x - 5 )( -4x - 12 ) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}2x-5=0\\-4x-12=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{5}{2}\\x=-3\end{cases}}\)
d) 64x2 - 49 = 0
<=> ( 8x )2 - 72 = 0
<=> ( 8x - 7 )( 8x + 7 ) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}8x-7=0\\8x+7=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{7}{8}\\x=-\frac{7}{8}\end{cases}}\)
e) ( x2 + 6x + 9 )( x2 + 8x + 7 ) = 0
<=> ( x + 3 )2( x2 + x + 7x + 7 ) = 0
<=> ( x + 3 )2 [ x( x + 1 ) + 7( x + 1 ) ] = 0
<=> ( x + 3 )2( x + 1 )( x + 7 ) = 0
<=> x = -3 hoặc x = -1 hoặc x = -7
g) ( x2 + 1 )( x2 - 8x + 7 ) = 0
Vì x2 + 1 ≥ 1 > 0 với mọi x
=> x2 - 8x + 7 = 0
=> x2 - x - 7x + 7 = 0
=> x( x - 1 ) - 7( x - 1 ) = 0
=> ( x - 1 )( x - 7 ) = 0
=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\x-7=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=7\end{cases}}\)
Bài 2.
a) ( x - 1 )2 - ( x - 2 )( x + 2 )
= x2 - 2x + 1 - ( x2 - 4 )
= x2 - 2x + 1 - x2 + 4
= -2x + 5
b) ( 3x + 5 )2 + ( 26x + 10 )( 2 - 3x ) + ( 2 - 3x )2
= 9x2 + 30x + 25 - 78x2 + 22x + 20 + 9x2 - 12x + 4
= ( 9x2 - 78x2 + 9x2 ) + ( 30x + 22x - 12x ) + ( 25 + 20 + 4 )
= -60x2 + 40x2 + 49
d) ( x + y )2 - ( x + y - 2 )2
= [ x + y - ( x + y - 2 ) ][ x + y + ( x + y - 2 ) ]
= ( x + y - x - y + 2 )( x + y + x + y - 2 )
= 2( 2x + 2y - 2 )
= 4x + 4y - 4
Bài 3.
A = 3x2 + 18x + 33
= 3( x2 + 6x + 9 ) + 6
= 3( x + 3 )2 + 6 ≥ 6 ∀ x
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x + 3 = 0 => x = -3
=> MinA = 6 <=> x = -3
B = x2 - 6x + 10 + y2
= ( x2 - 6x + 9 ) + y2 + 1
= ( x - 3 )2 + y2 + 1 ≥ 1 ∀ x,y
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-3=0\\y^2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=0\end{cases}}\)
=> MinB = 1 <=> x = 3 ; y = 0
C = ( 2x - 1 )2 + ( x + 2 )2
= 4x2 - 4x + 1 + x2 + 4x + 4
= 5x2 + 5 ≥ 5 ∀ x
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> 5x2 = 0 => x = 0
=> MinC = 5 <=> x = 0
D = -2/7x2 - 8x + 7 ( sửa thành tìm Max )
Để D đạt GTLN => 7x2 - 8x + 7 đạt GTNN
7x2 - 8x + 7
= 7( x2 - 8/7x + 16/49 ) + 33/7
= 7( x - 4/7 )2 + 33/7 ≥ 33/7 ∀ x
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x - 4/7 = 0 => x = 4/7
=> MaxC = \(\frac{-2}{\frac{33}{7}}=-\frac{14}{33}\)<=> x = 4/7
Bài 1:
a)3x2 - 3y2 - 12x +12y=3(x2-y2)-12(x-y)=3(x-y)(x+y)-12(x-y)=3(x-y)(x+y-4)
b) 4x3 + 4xy2 + 8x2y - 16x=4x(x-4)+4xy(y+2x)=4x(x-4+y2+2xy)
c) x4 - 5x2 + 4=x4-x2-4x2+4=x2(x2-1)-4(x2-1)=(x2-1)(x2-4)=(x-1)(x+1)(x-2)(x+2)
d) x3 - 2x2 + 6x - 5=x3-x2-(x2-6x+5)=x2(x-1)-(x-1)(x-5)=(x-1)(x2-x+5)
e) x2 - 4x +3=x2-x-3x+3=x(x-1)-3(x-1)=(x-1)(x-3)
f ) 2x2 + 3x - 5=2x2-2+3x-3=2(x2-1)+3(x-1)=2(x-1)(x+1)+3(x-1)=(x-1)(2x+1)
a) \(3y^2\left(2y-1\right)+y-y\left(1-y+y^2\right)-y^2+y \)
= \(6y^3-3y^2+y-y+y^2-y^3-y^2+y\)
= \(5y^3-3y^2+y\)
b)\(25x-4\left(3x-1\right)+\left(5-2x\right)7\)
= \(25x-12x+4+35-14x\)
= \(-x+39\)
c) \(11x-2\left(10x-1\right)-\left(4x-1\right)\left(-2\right)\)
= \(11x-\left(20x-2\right)-\left(-8x+2\right)\)
= \(11x-20x+2+8x-2\)
= \(-x\)
d) \(\left(\frac{1}{2x}\right)3-x\left(1-2x-\frac{1}{8x^2}\right)-x\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
= \(\frac{3}{2x}-x+2x^2+\frac{x}{8x^2}-x^2-\frac{x}{2}\)
= \(\left(\frac{3}{2x}+\frac{1}{8x}-\frac{x}{2}\right)+x^2-x\)
= \(\left(\frac{12+1-4x^2}{8x}\right)+x^2-x\)
= \(\frac{13-4x^2}{8x}+\frac{8x^3}{8x}-\frac{8x^2}{8x}\)
= \(\frac{13-4x^2+8x^3-8x^2}{8x}\)
= \(\frac{8x^3-12x^2+13}{8x}\)
= x2 - \(\frac{3}{2}\)+\(\frac{13}{8x}\)
e) \(12\left(2-3x\right)+35x-\left(x+1\right)\left(-5\right)\)
= \(24-36x+35x-\left(-5x-5\right)\)
= \(24-36x+35x+5x+5\)
= 4x + 29
\(A=x^2-10x+3=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-22=\left(x-5\right)^2-22\ge-22\)
Vậy GTNN của A là -22 khi x = 5
\(B=x^2+6x-5=\left(x^2+6x+9\right)-14=\left(x+3\right)^2-14\ge-14\)
Vậy GTNN của B là -14 khi x = -3
\(C=x\left(x-3\right)=x^2-3x=\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}\ge-\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN của C là \(-\dfrac{9}{4}\) khi x = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(D=x^2+y^2-4x+20=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+y^2+16=\left(x-2\right)^2+y^2+16\ge16\)
Vậy GTNN của D là 16 khi x = 2; y = 0
\(E=x^2+2y^2-2xy+4x-6y+100\)
\(E=\left(x^2+y^2+4-2xy+4x-4y\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+95\)
\(E=\left(x-y+2\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+95\ge95\)
Vậy GTNN của E là 95 khi x = -1 ; y = 1
\(F=2x^2+y^2-2xy+4x+100\)
\(F=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+96\)
\(F=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+2\right)^2+96\ge96\)
Vậy GTNN của F là 96 khi x = -2; y = -2
\(A=-x^2-12x+3=-\left(x^2+12x+36\right)+39=-\left(x+6\right)^2+39\le39\)
Vậy GTLN của A là 39 khi x = -6
\(B=7-4x^2+4x=-\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+8=-\left(2x-1\right)^2+8\le8\)
Vậy GTLN của B là 8 khi x = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a, \(4x^2+4x+1=\left(2x\right)^2+2.2x.1+1^2\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2\)
b, \(x^2y^4-1=\left(xy^2\right)^2-1^2=\left(xy^2-1\right)\left(xy^2+1\right)\)
d, \(8x^3-12x^2y+6xy^2-y^3=\left(2x\right)^3-3.\left(2x\right)^2y+3.2x.y^2-y^3=\left(2x-y\right)^3\)
e, \(1-2y+y^2=y^2-2y+1=y^2-2.y.1+1^2=\left(y-1\right)^2\)
f, \(\left(x-y\right)^2-4=\left(x-y\right)^2-2^2=\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x-y+2\right)\)
g,\(16x^2-\left(x-y\right)^2=\left(4x\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2=\left(4x-x+y\right)\left(4x+x-y\right)=\left(3x+y\right)\left(5x-y\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt.
a) \(A=\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
\(A=2x^2+2x-x-1\)
\(A=2x^2+x-1\)
\(A=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(A=2\left(x^2+2.x\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(A=2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{8}\)
Vì \(2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{8}\ge-\dfrac{9}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow Amin=-\dfrac{9}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(B=4x^2-4xy+2y^2+1\)
\(B=\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.y+y^2+y^2+1\)
\(B=\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2+1\)
Vì \(\left(2x-y\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x và y
\(y^2\ge0\) với mọi y
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2+1\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow Bmin=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C=5x-3x^2+2\)
\(C=-\left(3x^2-5x-2\right)\)
\(C=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\)
\(C=-3\left(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{5}{6}+\dfrac{25}{36}-\dfrac{25}{36}-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\)
\(C=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{12}\)
Vì \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{12}\le\dfrac{49}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow Cmax=\dfrac{49}{12}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
\(D=-8x^2+4xy-y^2+3\)
\(D=-\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)-4x^2+3\)
\(D=-\left(2x-y\right)^2-4x^2+3\)
Vì \(-\left(2x-y\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x và y
\(-4x^2\le0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x-y\right)^2-4x^2+3\le3\) với mọi x và y
\(\Rightarrow Dmax=3\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(E=x^2-8x+38\)
\(E=x^2-2.x.4+16+22\)
\(E=\left(x-4\right)^2+22\)
Vì \(\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2+22\ge22\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow Emin=22\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
\(F=6x-x^2+1\)
\(F=-\left(x^2-6x-1\right)\)
\(F=-\left(x^2-2.x.3+9-9-1\right)\)
\(F=-\left(x-3\right)^2+10\)
Vì \(-\left(x-3\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-3\right)^2+10\le10\)
\(\Rightarrow Fmax=10\Leftrightarrow x=3\)