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a) \(7x^3y-3xyz-21x^2+9z\)
\(=7x^2\left(xy-3\right)-3z\left(xy-3\right)\)
\(=\left(7x^2-3z\right)\left(xy-3\right)\)
b) \(4x^2-2x-y^2-y\)
\(=\left[\left(2x\right)^2-y^2\right]-\left(2x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)-\left(2x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+y\right)\left(2x-y-1\right)\)
c) \(9x^2-25y^2-6x+10y\)
\(=\left(3x\right)^2-\left(5y\right)^2-2\left(3x-5y\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-5y\right)\left(3x+5y\right)-2\left(3x-5y\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-5y\right)\left(3x+5y-2\right)\)
d) \(\left(5x-4\right)^2+\left(16-25x^2\right)+\left(5x-4\right)\left(3x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(5x-4\right)\left[\left(5x-4\right)+\left(3x+2\right)\right]+\left(4^2-\left(5x\right)^2\right)\)
\(=\left(5x-4\right)\left(8x-2\right)+\left(4-5x\right)\left(4+5x\right)\)
\(=\left(4-5x\right)\left(2-8x\right)+\left(4-5x\right)\left(4+5x\right)\)
\(=\left(4-5x\right)\left[\left(2-8x\right)+\left(4+5x\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(4-5x\right)\left(6-3x\right)\)
\(A=16x^2+8x+3\\ A=16x^2+8x+1+2\\ A=\left(16x^2+8x+1\right)+2\\ A=\left(4x+1\right)^2+2\\ Do\left(4x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow A=\left(4x+1\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x\\ \text{Dấu “=” xảy ra khi : }\\ \left(4x+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4x+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4x=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \text{Vậy }A_{\left(Min\right)}=2\text{ khi }x=-\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \)
\(B=y^2-5y+8\\ B=y^2-5y+\dfrac{25}{4}+\dfrac{7}{4}\\ B=\left(y^2-5y+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)+\dfrac{7}{4}\\ B=\left[y^2-2\cdot y\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}+\left(\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\right]+\dfrac{7}{4}\\ B=\text{ }\left(y-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}\\ Do\text{ }\left(y-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow B=\left(y-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}\ge\dfrac{7}{4}\forall x\\ \text{Dấu “=” xảy ra khi : }\\ \left(y-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow y-\dfrac{5}{2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{5}{2}\\ \text{Vậy }B_{\left(Min\right)}=\dfrac{7}{4}\text{ }khi\text{ }y=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(C=2x^2-2x+2\\ C=2x^2-2x+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}\\ C=\left(2x^2-2x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\dfrac{3}{2}\\ C=2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{2}\\ C=2\left[x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]+\dfrac{3}{2}\\ C=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{2}\\ Do\text{ }\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow C=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\forall x\\ \text{Dấu “=” xảy ra khi : }\\ \left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ \text{Vậy }C_{\left(Min\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\text{ }khi\text{ }x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(D=9x^2-6x+25y^2+10y+4\\ D=9x^2-6x+25y^2+10y+1+1+2\\ D=\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)+\left(25y^2+10y+1\right)+2\\ D=\left[\left(3x\right)^2-2\cdot3x\cdot1+1^2\right]+\left[\left(5y\right)^2+2\cdot5y\cdot1+1^2\right]+2\\ D=\left(3x-1\right)^2+\left(5y+1\right)^2+2\\ Do\text{ }\left(3x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ \left(5y+1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\\ \Rightarrow\left(3x-1\right)^2+\left(5y+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\\ \Rightarrow D=\left(3x-1\right)^2+\left(5y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x;y\\ \text{Dấu “=” xảy ra khi : }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(3x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(5y+1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-1=0\\5y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=1\\5y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \text{Vậy }D_{\left(Min\right)}=2\text{ khi }x=\dfrac{1}{3};y=-\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Câu 2
\(M=x^2+6x+1\\ M=x^2+6x+9-8\\ M=\left(x^2+6x+9\right)-8\\ M=\left(x+3\right)^2-8\\ Do\text{ }\left(x+3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ M=\left(x+3\right)^2-8\ge-8\forall x\\ \text{Dấu “=” xảy ra khi : }\\ \left(x+3\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-3\\ \text{Vậy }M_{\left(Min\right)}=-8\text{ khi }x=-3\)
\(N=10y-5y^2-3\\ N=10y-5y^2-5+2\\ N=-\left(5y^2-10y+5\right)+2\\ N=-5\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\\ N=-5\left(y-1\right)^2+2\\ Do\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow-\left(y-1\right)^2\le0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow-5\left(y-1\right)^2\le0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow N=-5\left(y-1\right)^2+2\le2\forall x\\ \text{Dấu “=” xảy ra khi : }\\ \left(y-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow y-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow y=1\\ \text{Vậy }N_{\left(Max\right)}=2\text{ khi }y=1\)
a) \(A=9x^2-6x+3\)
\(A=\left(3x\right)^2-2.3x+1+2\)
\(A=\left(3x-1\right)^2+2\)
Vì \(\left(3x-1\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x-1\right)^2+2\ge2\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow Amin=2\Leftrightarrow3x-1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức là 2 khi x = 1/3
b) \(B=x^2-3x\)
\(B=x^2-2.x.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(B=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}\ge-\dfrac{9}{4}\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow Bmin=-\dfrac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức là -9/4 khi x = 3/2
c) \(C=x^2+8x+10\)
\(C=x^2+2.x.4+16-6\)
\(C=\left(x+4\right)^2-6\)
Vì \(\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+4\right)^2-6\ge-6\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow Cmin=-6\Leftrightarrow x+4=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-4\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức là -6 khi x = -4
d) \(D=x^2-2x+15+y^2+3y\)
\(D=x^2-2x+1+y^2+2.y.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}+14\)
\(D=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{47}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\left(y+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x,y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{47}{4}\ge\dfrac{47}{4}\) với mọi x,y
\(\Rightarrow Dmin=\dfrac{47}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y+\dfrac{3}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức là 47/4 khi x = 1 và y = -3/2
e) \(E=2x^2+4xy+8x+5y^2-4y-100\)
\(E=\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-120\)
\(E=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-120\)
Vì \(\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x,y
\(\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x,y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-120\ge-120\) với mọi x,y
\(\Rightarrow Emin=-120\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=0\\x+4=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức là -120 khi x = -4 ; y = 2
f) \(F=x^2-6xy+26+10y^2-10y\)
\(F=x^2-6xy+9y^2+y^2-10y+25+1\)
\(F=\left(x^2-6xy+9y^2\right)+\left(y^2-10y+25\right)+1\)
\(F=\left(x-3y\right)^2+\left(y-5\right)^2+1\)
Vì \(\left(x-3y\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x,y
\(\left(y-5\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3y\right)^2+\left(y-5\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x,y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3y\right)^2+\left(y-5\right)^2+1\ge1\) với mọi x,y
\(\Rightarrow Fmin=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3y=0\\y-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3y\Rightarrow x=15\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức là 1 khi x = 15 và y = 5
a) \(9x^2+6x-8\)
\(=9x^2+12x-6x-8\)
\(=3x\left(3x+4\right)-2\left(3x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(3x+4\right)\left(3x-2\right)\)
b) \(x^2-7xy+10y^2\)
\(=x^2-2xy-5xy+10y^2\)
\(=x\left(x-2y\right)-5y\left(x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x-5y\right)\)
c) \(x^8+x^7+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^6-x^4+x^3-x+1\right)\)
\(B=9x^2+25y^2-6x+10y-7\)
\(B=\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)+\left(25y^2+10y+1\right)-9\)
\(B=\left(3x-1\right)^2+\left(5y+1\right)^2-9\ge-9\)
Vậy GTNN của B là -9 khi x = \(\frac{1}{3}\); y = \(-\frac{1}{5}\)