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a) \(A=-4x^2-8x+3=-4\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+7=-4\left(x+1\right)^2+7\le7\left(\forall x\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy Max(A) = 7 khi x = -1
b) \(B=6x-x^2+2=-\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+11=-\left(x-3\right)^2+11\le11\left(\forall x\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\left(x-3\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=3\)
Vậy Max(B) = 11 khi x = 3
c) \(C=x\left(2-3x\right)=-3\left(x^2-\frac{2}{3}x+\frac{1}{9}\right)+\frac{1}{3}=-3\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2+\frac{1}{3}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\forall x\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy Max(C) = 1/3 khi x = 1/3
d) \(D=3x-x^2+2=-\left(x^2-3x+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\frac{17}{4}=-\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{17}{4}\le\frac{17}{4}\left(\forall x\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Max(D) = 17/4 khi x = 3/2
e) \(E=3-2x^2+2xy-y^2-2x\)
\(E=-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+4\)
\(E=-\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)^2+4\le4\left(\forall x,y\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(x+1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=-1\)
Vậy Max(E) = 4 khi x = y = -1
Bài 2 :
Câu a : \(y\left(y^3+y^2-y-2\right)-\left(y^2-2\right)\left(y^2+y+1\right)\)
\(=y^4+y^3-y^2-2y-y^4-y^3-y^2+2y^2+2y+2\)
\(=2\) \(\Rightarrow\) ko phụ thuộc vào biến .
Câu b : \(\left(2x+3\right)\left(4x^2-6x+9\right)-2\left(4x^3-1\right)\)
\(=8x^3-12x^2+18x+12x^2-18x+27-8x^3+2\)
\(=29\Rightarrow\) ko thuộc vào biến
Câu c : \(3x\left(x+5\right)-\left(3x+18\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=3x^2+15x-3x^2+3x-18x+18\)
\(=18\) \(\Rightarrow\) ko thuộc vào biến
Câu d : \(\left(2x+6\right)\left(4x^2-12x+36\right)-8x^3+5\)
\(=8x^3-24x^2+72x+24x^2-72x+216-8x^3+5\)
\(=221\) \(\Rightarrow\) không thuộc vào biến
câu 1) a) \(\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)^3\)
b) \(y\left(y^3+y^2-3y-2\right)+\left(y^2-2\right)\left(y^2+y-1\right)\)
\(=y^4+y^3-3y^2-2y+y^4+y^3-y^2-2y^2-2y+2\)
\(=2y^4+2y^3-6y^2-4y+2=2y\left(y^3+y^2-3y-2\right)+2\)
\(=2y\left(y+2\right)\left(y^2-y-1\right)+2=2\left(y^2+2y\right)\left(y^2-y-1\right)+2\)
\(=2\left(y^2+2y\right)\left(y^2-y-1+1\right)=2\left(y^2+2y\right)\left(y^2-y\right)\)
c) \(6x^2-\left(2x+5\right)\left(3x-2\right)=6x^2-\left(6x^2-4x+15x-10\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x^2-6x^2+4x-15x+10=-11x+10\)
d) \(\left(2x-1\right)\left(3x+1\right)+\left(3x+4\right)\left(3-2x\right)\)
\(\)\(=6x^2+2x-3x-1+9x-6x^2+12-8x=11\)
e) \(\left(3x-5\right)\left(7-5x\right)-\left(5x+2\right)\left(2-3x\right)\)
\(=21x-15x^2-35+25x-\left(10x-15x^2+4-6x\right)\)
\(21x-15x^2-35+25x-10x+15x^2-4+6x=42x-39\)
b)x2+2xy+y2-16=(x+y)2-42=(x+y+4)(x+y-4)
c)3x2+5x-3xy-5y=x(3x+5)-y(3x+5)=(3x+5)(x-y)
d)4x2-6x3y-2x2+8x=2x(2x-3x2y-x+4)
e)x2-4-2xy+y2=(x2-2xy+y2)-4=(x-y)2-22=(x-y-2)(x-y+2)
k)x2-y2-z2-2yz=x2-(y+z)2=(x-y-z)(x+y+z)
m)6xy+5x-5y-3x2-3y2=3(x2-2xy+y2)+5(x-y)=3(x-y)2+5(x-y)=(x-y)(3x-3y+5)
a) \(A=\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
\(A=2x^2+2x-x-1\)
\(A=2x^2+x-1\)
\(A=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(A=2\left(x^2+2.x\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(A=2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{8}\)
Vì \(2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{8}\ge-\dfrac{9}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow Amin=-\dfrac{9}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(B=4x^2-4xy+2y^2+1\)
\(B=\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.y+y^2+y^2+1\)
\(B=\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2+1\)
Vì \(\left(2x-y\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x và y
\(y^2\ge0\) với mọi y
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2+1\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow Bmin=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C=5x-3x^2+2\)
\(C=-\left(3x^2-5x-2\right)\)
\(C=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\)
\(C=-3\left(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{5}{6}+\dfrac{25}{36}-\dfrac{25}{36}-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\)
\(C=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{12}\)
Vì \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{12}\le\dfrac{49}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow Cmax=\dfrac{49}{12}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
\(D=-8x^2+4xy-y^2+3\)
\(D=-\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)-4x^2+3\)
\(D=-\left(2x-y\right)^2-4x^2+3\)
Vì \(-\left(2x-y\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x và y
\(-4x^2\le0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x-y\right)^2-4x^2+3\le3\) với mọi x và y
\(\Rightarrow Dmax=3\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(E=x^2-8x+38\)
\(E=x^2-2.x.4+16+22\)
\(E=\left(x-4\right)^2+22\)
Vì \(\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2+22\ge22\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow Emin=22\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
\(F=6x-x^2+1\)
\(F=-\left(x^2-6x-1\right)\)
\(F=-\left(x^2-2.x.3+9-9-1\right)\)
\(F=-\left(x-3\right)^2+10\)
Vì \(-\left(x-3\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-3\right)^2+10\le10\)
\(\Rightarrow Fmax=10\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
A = \(4x^2\) - 8x + 3
= [\(\left(2x\right)^2\) - 2.2x.2 + \(2^2\)] \(-2^2\) + 3
= \(\left(2x-2\right)^2\) - 1
Ta có: \(\left(2x-2\right)^2\) ≤ 0 ∀ x
\(\left(2x-2\right)^2\) - 1 ≤ - 1
Hay A ≤ - 1
Dấu "=" xảy ra ↔ 2x - 2 = 0
2x = 2
x = 1
Vậy GTLN của A = - 1 ↔ x = 1
B = 6x \(-x^2\) + 2
= - (\(x^2\) - 6x) + 2
= - (\(x^2\) - 2.x.3 + \(3^2\)) \(-3^2\) + 2
= - \(\left(x-3\right)^2\) -7
Ta có: \(-\left(x-3\right)^2\) ≤ 0 ∀ x
\(-\left(x-3\right)^2\) - 7 ≤ - 7
Hay B ≤ - 7
Dấu "=" xảy ra ↔ - (x - 3) = 0
- x + 3 = 0
- x= - 3
x = 3
Vậy GTLN của B = - 7 ↔ x = 3
C = x(2 - 3x)
= 2x \(-3x^2\)
= - 3(\(x^2\) - \(\frac{3}{2}x\) )
= - 3(\(x^2\) - 2.x.\(\frac{3}{4}\) + \(\frac{3}{4}^2\)) \(-\frac{3}{4}^2\)
Ta có: \(-3\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\) ≤ 0 ∀ x
\(-3\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\) \(-\frac{9}{16}\) ≤ \(-\frac{9}{16}\)
Hay C ≤ \(-\frac{9}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ↔ \(-3\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)\) = 0
- 3x \(-\frac{9}{4}\) = 0
- 3x = \(\frac{9}{4}\)
x = \(-\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy GTLN của C = \(-\frac{9}{16}\) ↔ x = \(-\frac{3}{4}\)