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`A=x^2-4x+1`
`=x^2-4x+4-3`
`=(x-2)^2-3>=-3`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=2
`B=4x^2+4x+11`
`=4x^2+4x+1+10`
`=(2x+1)^2+10>=10`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=-1/2`
`C=(x-1)(x+3)(x+2)(x+6)`
`=[(x-1)(x+6)][(x+3)(x+2)]`
`=(x^2+5x-6)(x^2+5x+6)`
`=(x^2+5x)^2-36>=-36`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=0\or\x=-5`
`D=5-8x-x^2`
`=21-16-8x-x^2`
`=21-(x^2+8x+16)`
`=21-(x+4)^2<=21`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=-4`
`E=4x-x^2+1`
`=5-4+4-x^2`
`=5-(x^2-4x+4)`
`=5-(x-2)^2<=5`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=5`
Tính giá trị nhỏ nhất:
\(A=x^2-4x+1=(x^2-4x+4)-3=(x-2)^2-3\)
Vì $(x-2)^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $A=(x-2)^2-3\geq 0-3=-3$
Vậy $A_{\min}=-3$
Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-2)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$
$B=4x^2+4x+11=(4x^2+4x+1)+10=(2x+1)^2+10\geq 0+10=10$
Vậy $B_{\min}=10$
Giá trị này đạt tại $(2x+1)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}$
$C=(x-1)(x+3)(x+2)(x+6)$
$=(x-1)(x+6)(x+3)(x+2)$
$=(x^2+5x-6)(x^2+5x+6)$
$=(x^2+5x)^2-36\geq 0-36=-36$
Vậy $C_{\min}=-36$. Giá trị này đạt $x^2+5x=0\Leftrightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x=-5$
Tìm giá trị lớn nhất:
$D=5-8x-x^2=21-(x^2+8x+16)=21-(x+4)^2$
Vì $(x+4)^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $D=21-(x+4)^2\leq 21$
Vậy $D_{\max}=21$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x+4)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4$
$E=4x-x^2+1=5-(x^2-4x+4)=5-(x-2)^2\leq 5$
Vậy $E_{\max}=5$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-2)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$
\(A=x-x^2=-\left(x^2-2\times x\times\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\right)=-\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\right]\)
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\ge-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(-\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\right]\le\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy Max A = \(\frac{1}{4}\) khi x = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
***
\(B=5-8x-x^2=-\left(x^2+2\times x\times4+4^2-4^2-5\right)=-\left[\left(x+4\right)^2-21\right]\)
\(\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(x+4\right)^2-21\ge-21\)
\(-\left[\left(x+4\right)^2-21\right]\le21\)
Vậy Max B = 21 khi x = - 4
***
\(C=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y=-\left(x^2-2\times x\times1+1^2-1^2+\left(2y\right)^2-2\times2y\times1+1^2-1^2-5\right)=-\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-1\right)^2-7\right]\)
\(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(2y-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\)
\(-\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-1\right)^2-7\right]\le7\)
Vậy Max C = 7 khi x = 1 và y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Tìm GTNN
a/ \(A=4x^2+7x+13=\left(4x^2+7x+\frac{49}{16}\right)+\frac{159}{16}=\left(2x+\frac{7}{4}\right)^2+\frac{159}{16}\ge\frac{159}{16}\)
b/ \(B=5-8x+x^2=\left(x^2-8x+16\right)-11=\left(x-4\right)^2-11\ge-11\)
c/ \(C=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)
\(C=16x^2-8x+2024\)
\(\Rightarrow C=16x^2-8x+1+2023\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\left(4x-1\right)^2+2023\ge2023\left(\left(4x-1\right)^2\ge0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(C\right)=2023\)
\(D=-25x^2+50x-2023\)
\(\Rightarrow D=-\left(25x^2-50x+25\right)-1998\)
\(\Rightarrow D=-\left(5x-5\right)^2-1998\le1998\left(-\left(5x-5\right)^2\le0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(D\right)=1998\)
\(B=-x^2+20x+100=-\left(x^2-20x+100\right)+200=-\left(x-10\right)^2+200\le200\left(-\left(x-10\right)^2\le0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(B\right)=200\)
\(E=\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(3x+2\right)\left(x-5\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow E=4x^2-4x+1-\left(3x^2-13x-10\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow E=4x^2-4x+1-3x^2+13x+10\)
\(\Rightarrow E=x^2+9x+11=x^2+9x+\dfrac{81}{4}-\dfrac{81}{4}+11\)
\(\Rightarrow E=\left(x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{37}{4}\ge-\dfrac{37}{4}\left(\left(x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right)^2\ge0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(E\right)=-\dfrac{37}{4}\)
\(F=\left(3x-5\right)^2-\left(3x+2\right)\left(4x-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow F=9x^2-30x+25-\left(12x^2+3x-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow F=-3x^2-33x+27=-3\left(x^2-10x+9\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow F=-3\left(x^2-10x+25\right)+48=-3\left(x-5\right)^2+48\le48\left(-3\left(x-5\right)^2\le0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(F\right)=48\)
Bài 5:
a/A = x2 - 6x + 10 = x2 - 6x + 9 + 1 = ( x - 3 )2 +1
Vì ( x - 3 )2 \(\ge\)0 nên ( x - 3 )2 + 1 \(\ge\)1
Giá trị nhỏ nhất của A là 1
b/ B = x ( x + 6 ) = x2 + 6x + 9 - 9 = ( x + 3 )2 - 9
Vì ( x + 3 )\(\ge\)0 nên ( x + 3 ) - 9\(\ge\)- 9
Giá trị nhỏ nhất của B là - 9
5 - A\(=x^2-6x+10\)
A\(=x^2-3x-3x+9+1\)
A\(=x\left(x-3\right)-3\left(x-3\right)+1\)
A\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-3\right)+1\)
A\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+1\)
Vì \(^{\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x}\)
\(\rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
Hay A\(\ge1\forall x\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
B\(=x\left(x+6\right)\)
B\(=x^2+6x\)
B\(=x\left(x+3\right)+3\left(x+3\right)-9\)
B\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x+3\right)-9\)
B\(=\left(x+3\right)^2-9\)
Vì\(\left(x+3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\rightarrow\left(x+3\right)^2-9\ge-9\forall x\)
Hay B\(\ge-9\forall x\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+3=0\Leftrightarrow x=-3\)
\(A=5-8x+x^2=-8x+x^2+6-11\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)^2-11\)
Vì \(\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2-11\ge-11\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-4=0\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
Vậy Amin = - 11 <=> x = 4
\(B=\left(2-x\right)\left(x+4\right)=-x^2-2x+8\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+9=-\left(x+1\right)^2+9\)
Vì \(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+1\right)^2+9\le9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy Bmax = 9 <=> x = - 1
a) A= x2 + 4x + 5
=x2+4x+4+1
=(x+2)2+1≥0+1=1
Dấu = khi x+2=0 <=>x=-2
Vậy Amin=1 khi x=-2
b) B= ( x+3 ) ( x-11 ) + 2016
=x2-8x-33+2016
=x2-8x+16+1967
=(x-4)2+1967≥0+1967=1967
Dấu = khi x-4=0 <=>x=4
Vậy Bmin=1967 <=>x=4
Bài 2:
a) D= 5 - 8x - x2
=-(x2+8x-5)
=21-x2+8x+16
=21-x2+4x+4x+16
=21-x(x+4)+4(x+4)
=21-(x+4)(x+4)
=21-(x+4)2≤0+21=21
Dấu = khi x+4=0 <=>x=-4
Bài 1:
c)C=x2+5x+8
=x2+5x+\(\left(\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\)+\(\dfrac{7}{4}\)
=\(\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\)+\(\dfrac{7}{4}\)\(\ge\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Vậy \(C_{min}=\dfrac{7}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\)