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a) Đặt \(A=x^2-2x+1\)
Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+1=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=1\)
b) Ta có: \(M=x^2-3x+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(x^2-3x+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\frac{31}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{31}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{31}{4}\ge\frac{31}{4}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M_{min}=\frac{31}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x-\frac{3}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{31}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1.
a) A = -x2 - 4x - 2 = -( x2 + 4x + 4 ) + 2 = -( x + 2 )2 + 2
\(-\left(x+2\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-\left(x+2\right)^2+2\le2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x + 2 = 0 => x = -2
=> MaxA = 2 <=> x = -2
b) B = -2x2 - 3x + 5 = -2( x2 + 3/2x + 9/16 ) + 49/8 = -2( x + 3/4 )2 + 49/8
\(-2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+\frac{49}{8}\le\frac{49}{8}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x + 3/4 = 0 => x = -3/4
=> MaxB = 49/8 <=> x = -3/4
c) C = ( 2 - x )( x + 4 ) = -x2 - 2x + 8 = -( x2 + 2x + 1 ) + 9 = -( x + 1 )2 + 9
\(-\left(x+1\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-\left(x+1\right)^2+9\le9\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x + 1 = 0 => x = -1
=> MaxC = 9 <=> x = -1
d) D = -8x2 + 4xy - y2 + 3 = -( 4x2 - 4xy + y2 ) - 4x2 + 3 = -( 2x - y )2 - 4x2 + 3
\(\hept{\begin{cases}-\left(2x-y\right)^2\le0\forall x,y\\-4x^2\le0\forall x\end{cases}}\Rightarrow-\left(2x-y\right)^2-4x^2+3\le3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-y=0\\4x=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=0\)
=> MaxD = 3 <=> x = y = 0
Bài 2.
a) A = x2 - 2x + 5 = ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) + 4 = ( x - 1 )2 + 4
\(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x - 1 = 0 => x = 1
=> MinA = 4 <=> x = 1
b) B = x2 - x + 1 = ( x2 - 2.1/2.x + 1/4 ) + 3/4 = ( x - 1/2 )2 + 3/4
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x - 1/2 = 0 => x = 1/2
=> MinB = 3/4 <=> x = 1/2
c) C = ( x - 1 )( x + 2 )( x + 3 )( x + 6 )
C = [( x - 1 )( x + 6 )][( x + 2 )( x + 3)]
C = [ x2 + 5x - 6 ][ x2 + 5x + 6 ]
C = [ ( x2 + 5x ) - 6 ][ ( x2 + 5x ) + 6 ]
C = ( x2 + 5x )2 - 36
\(\left(x^2+5x\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(x^2+5x=0\Rightarrow x\left(x+5\right)=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x+5=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-5\end{cases}}\)
=> MinC = -36 <=> x = 0 hoặc x = -5
d) D = x2 + 5y2 - 2xy + 4y + 3
D = ( x2 - 2xy + y2 ) + ( 4y2 + 4y + 1 ) + 2
D = ( x - y )2 + ( 2y + 1 )2 + 2
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\\\left(2y+1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\2y+1=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}x=y=-\frac{1}{2}\)
=> MinD = 2 <=> x = y = -1/2
a) A = x2 - 6x + 13 = x2 - 2.x.3 + 33 +4 = (x-3)2 + 4 >= 4 suy ra minA=4
mấy câu kia giải tương tự
\(B=1+5y-y^2=-\left(y^2-5y-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(y^2-2.\frac{5}{2}x+\frac{25}{4}-\frac{29}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(y-\frac{5}{2}\right)^2-\frac{29}{4}\right]\)
\(=-\left(y-\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{29}{4}\le\frac{29}{4}\)
\(C=4x-x^2+1=-\left(x^2-4x-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4-5\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2-5\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+5\le5\)
B3:\(\Rightarrow90.10^n-10^n.10^2+10^n.10-20\Rightarrow10^n.\left(90-10^2\right)+10^n.10-20\)
\(\Rightarrow10^n.\left(90-100\right)+10^n.10-20\Rightarrow-10.10^n+10^n.10-20\Rightarrow-20\)
\(A=-\left(x^2-x+5\right)=-\left(x^2-2.\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{19}{4}\right)=-\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{19}{4}\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{19}{4}\le-\frac{19}{4}\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-\frac{19}{4}\Leftrightarrow x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
a)Ta có: \(A=x^2+5y^2-2xy+4y+3\)= \(\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+2\)
= \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
(Do \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0;\left(2y+1\right)^2\ge0\))
Vậy min A=2. Dấu = khi x=y=-1/2
b) Đặt \(t=x^2-2x+1\)
=> \(B=\left(t-1\right)\left(t+1\right)\)=\(t^2-1\)=\(t^2+\left(-1\right)\ge-1\)
Do \(t^2\ge0\)
Vậy min B=-1. Dấu = khi t=0 hay \(x^2-2x+1=0\)
=> \(\left(x-1\right)^2=0\)<=> x=1
Ta có : C = (x + 1).(x + 2).(x + 3).(x + 4)
=> C = [(x + 1).(x + 4)].[(x + 2).(x + 3)]
=> C = [x2 + 5x + 4] . [x2 + 5x + 6]
Đặt t = x2 + 5x + 5
Khi đó t - 1 = x2 + 5x + 4 , t + 1 = x2 + 5x + 6
Nên C = (t - 1)(t + 1) = t2 - 1 = (x2 + 5x + 5)2 - 1
Mà (x2 + 5x + 5)2 \(\ge0\forall x\)
Do đó (x2 + 5x + 5)2 - 1 \(\ge-1\forall x\)
Vậy GTNN của C là :
a) \(M=x^2-3x+10\)
\(M=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{31}{4}\)
\(M=\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{31}{4}\)
\(M=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\)
Mà: \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) nên: \(M=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\ge\dfrac{31}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra
\(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}=\dfrac{31}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M_{min}=\dfrac{31}{4}\) với \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b) \(N=2x^2+5y^2+4xy+8x-4y-100\)
\(N=x^2+x^2+4y^2+y^2+4xy+8x-4y-120+16+4\)
\(N=\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-120\)
\(N=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-120\)
Mà:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) nên \(N=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-120\ge120\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2=0\\\left(x+4\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-4+2y=0\\x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(N_{min}=120\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a
\(M=x^2-3x+10=x^2-2.\dfrac{3}{2}.x+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{31}{4}\\ =\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\ge\dfrac{31}{4}\)
Min M \(=\dfrac{31}{4}\) khi và chỉ khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)