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a) \(A=4x^2-12x+100=\left(2x\right)^2-12x+3^2+91=\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\ge91\)
hay A \(\ge91\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left(2x-3\right)^2=0\)
<=> 2x-3=0
<=> 2x=3
<=> \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Min A=91 đạt được khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
b) \(B=-x^2-x+1=-\left(x^2+x-1\right)=-\left(x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{5}{4}\right)=-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\)
Ta có: \(-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\le\frac{5}{4}\) hay B\(\le\frac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy Max B=\(\frac{5}{4}\)đạt được khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
\(C=2x^2+2xy+y^2-2x+2y+2\)
\(C=x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
Ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\inℤ\\x^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\ge1\)
hay C\(\ge\)1
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2=0\\x^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\x=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=0\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy Min C=1 đạt được khi y=1 và x=0
Ta có :
\(x^2+y^2+2x+2y+2xy+5\)
\(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x+y\right)+5\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)+5\)
Đặt x+y=a
Biểu thức trở thành :
\(a^2+2a+5\)
\(=a^2+2a+1+4\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)^2+4\)
Vì \(\left(a+1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)^2+4\ge4\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi a + 1 = 0
<=> x+y+1=0
Vậy biểu thức đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất là 4 khi x + y + 1 = 0
Bài làm:
a) \(P=x^2-5x=\left(x^2-5x+\frac{25}{4}\right)-\frac{25}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{5}{2}\right)^2-\frac{25}{4}\le-\frac{25}{4}\left(\forall x\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=\frac{5}{2}\)
Vậy \(Min_P=-\frac{25}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{2}\)
a) P = x2 - 5x
= ( x2 - 5x + 25/4 ) - 25/4
= ( x - 5/2 )2 - 25/4
( x - 5/2 )2 ≥ 0 ∀ x => ( x - 5/2 )2 - 25/4 ≥ -25/4
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x - 5/2 = 0 => x = 5/2
=> MinF = -25/4 <=> x = 5/2
b) Q = x2 + 2y2 + 2xy - 2x - 6y + 2015
= ( x2 + 2xy + y2 - 2x - 2y + 1 ) + ( y2 - 4y + 4 ) + 2010
= [ ( x + y )2 - 2( x + y ) + 12 ] + ( y - 2 )2 + 2010
= ( x + y - 1 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 + 2010
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2010\ge2010\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\y=2\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
=> MinQ = 2010 <=> x = -1 , y = 2
Ta có A = (3x + 2)2 + (x2 + y2 - 2xy) - (2x - 2y) + 2015
= (3x + 2)2 + (x - y)2 - 2(x - y) + 1 + 2014
= (3x + 2)2 + (x - y - 1)2 + 2014 \(\ge\)2014
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}3x+2=0\\x-y-1=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{2}{3}\\y=x-1\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{2}{3}\\y=-\frac{5}{3}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy Min A = 2015 <=> x = -2/3 ; y = -5/3
\(A=\left(3x+2\right)^2+x^2+y^2-2xy-2x+2y+2015\)
\(=\left(3x+2\right)^2+\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(2x-2y\right)+1+2014\)
\(=\left(3x+2\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2-2\left(x-y\right)+1+2014\)
\(=\left(3x+2\right)^2+\left(x-y-1\right)^2+2014\)
Vì \(\left(3x+2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\); \(\left(x-y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+2\right)^2+\left(x-y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+2\right)^2+\left(x-y-1\right)^2+2014\ge2014\forall x,y\)
hay \(A\ge2014\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3x+2=0\\x-y-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3x=-2\\y=x-1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-2}{3}\\y=\frac{-5}{3}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(minA=2014\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{2}{3}\)và \(y=-\frac{5}{3}\)
\(K=x^2+2y^2-2xy+2x-6y+8\)
\(K=x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)-2y^2-6y+8\)
\(K=x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)-y^2-2y+1+y^2-4y+4+4\)
\(K=x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)-\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+4\)
\(K=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x;y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = -3; y = 4
\(A=\left(x-y-6\right)^2+6y^2+2y+45-\left(y^2+12y+36\right)\\ \)
\(A=\left(x-y-6\right)^2+5\left(y-1\right)^2+4\)\(\ge4\)
Amin=4 khi y=1; x=7
\(A=\left(x-y-6\right)^2+6y^2+2y+45-\left(y^2+12y+36\right) \)
\(A=\left(x-7-6\right)^2+5\left(y-1^2\right)+4\ge4\)
\(Amin=4\)\(khi\)\(y=1;x=7\)
\(N=2x^2+y^2+2xy-2x-2y+2011\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)-2\left(x+y\right)+1+x^2+2010\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+2010\ge2010\forall x;y\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y-1=0\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy Min N là : \(2010\Leftrightarrow x=0;y=1\)
\(P=2x\left(1-x\right)=2x-2x^2=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\forall x\)Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy Max P là : \(\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(Q=-x^2-4y^2+4x+2y-25\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(4y^2-2y+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{83}{4}\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(2y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{83}{4}\le\dfrac{83}{4}\forall x;y\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\2y-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\2y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy Max Q là : \(\dfrac{83}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=2;y=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Theo bài ra , ta có :
\(A=2x^2+y^2+2xy-6x-2y+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=y^2+2xy+x^2-2y-2x+1+x^2-4x+4+5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(y+x\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)+1+\left(x-2\right)^2+5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(y+x-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2+5\)
Vì \(\left(y+x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y,x\)
\(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+x-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+x-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow min_A=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix}y+x-1=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}y+x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của A = 5 khi và chỉ khi y = -1 và x =2
Chúc bạn học tốt =))
A= x2+2y2-2xy-2x-2y+1015
A = x2 - 2xy - 2x + y2 + 2y + 1 + y2 - 4y + 4 + 1010
A = [x2 - 2x(y + 1) + (y+1)2 ] + (y-2)2 + 1010
A = ( x - y - 1)2 + (y-2)2 + 1010 \(\ge1010\forall x,y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y-1=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy MinA = 1010 <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)