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B1:
\(\Leftrightarrow5a-5b\sqrt{2}-4a-4b\sqrt{2}+18\sqrt{2}\left(a^2-2b^2\right)=3\left(a^2-2b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5a-5b\sqrt{2}-4a-4b\sqrt{2}+18a^2\sqrt{2}-36b^2\sqrt{2}=3a^2-6b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow18a^2\sqrt{2}-36b^2\sqrt{2}-9b\sqrt{2}=3a^2-6b^2-a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(18a^2-36b^2-9b\right)\sqrt{2}=3a^2-6b^2-a\)
Nếu \(18a^2-36b^2-9b\ne0\Rightarrow\sqrt{2}=\frac{3a^2-6b^2-a}{18a^2-36b^2-9b}\)
Vì a,b nguyên nên \(\frac{3a^2-6b^2-a}{18a^2-36b^2-9b}\in Q\Rightarrow\sqrt{2}\in Q\)=> Vô lý vì \(\sqrt{2}\)là số vô tỉ.
Vậy ta có: \(18a^2-36b^2-9b=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}18a^2-36b^2-9b=0\\3a^2-6b^2-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3a^2-6b^2=\frac{3}{2}b\\3a^2-6b^2=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{3}{2}b}\)
Thay \(a=\frac{3}{2}b\)vào \(3a^2-6b^2-a=0\)ta có:
\(3.\frac{9}{4}b^2-6b^2-\frac{3}{2}b=0\Leftrightarrow27b^2-24b^2-6b=0\Leftrightarrow3b\left(b-2\right)=0\)
Ta có: b=0(loại) ; b=2(thoả mãn) . Vậy a=3. KL:...
B2: \(GT\Rightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2\left(ab+1\right)\right]\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(1+ab\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^4-2\left(a+b\right)^2\left(1+ab\right)+\left(1+ab\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(1+ab\right)\right]^2=0\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(1+ab\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=1+ab\Leftrightarrow\left|a+b\right|=\sqrt{1+ab}\in Q\)( vì a,b thuộc Q)
KL:....
\(\frac{5}{a+b\sqrt{2}}-\frac{4}{a-b\sqrt{2}}+18\sqrt{2}=3\)
<=> \(\frac{5\left(a-b\sqrt{2}\right)}{a^2-2b^2}-\frac{4\left(a+b\sqrt{2}\right)}{a^2-2b^2}+18\sqrt{2}=3\) trục căn thức
<=> \(\frac{5a}{a^2-2b^2}-\frac{5b\sqrt{2}}{a^2-2b^2}-\frac{4a}{a^2-2b^2}-\frac{4b\sqrt{2}}{a^2-2b^2}+18\sqrt{2}=3\)
Vì a; b nguyên => \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{5a}{a^2-2b^2}-\frac{4a}{a^2-2b^2}=3\\-\frac{5b\sqrt{2}}{a^2-2b^2}-\frac{4b\sqrt{2}}{a^2-2b^2}+18\sqrt{2}=0\end{cases}}\)
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{a^2-2b^2}=3\\\frac{9b}{a^2-2b^2}=18\end{cases}}\)<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{a^2-2b^2}=3\\\frac{b}{a^2-2b^2}=2\end{cases}}\)
Với b = 0 => loại
Với b khác 0:
=> \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{3}{2}b\)
=> \(\frac{b}{\frac{9}{4}b^2-2b^2}=2\)=> b = 2 => a = 3 thử lại thỏa mãn
Vậy a = 3 và b = 2.
\(\frac{5}{a+b\sqrt{2}}-\frac{4}{a-b\sqrt{2}}+18\sqrt{2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5a-5b\sqrt{2}-4a-4b\sqrt{2}+18\sqrt{2}\left(a^2-2b^2\right)=3\left(a^2-2b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5a-5b\sqrt{2}-4a-4b\sqrt{2}+18a^2\sqrt{2}-36b^2\sqrt{2}=3a^2-6b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(18a^2-36b^2-9b\right)\sqrt{2}=3a^2-6b^2-a\)
-Nếu \(18a^2-36b^2-9b\ne0\Rightarrow\sqrt{2}=\frac{3a^2-6b^2-a}{18a^2-36b^2-9b}\)
Vì a,b nguyên nên \(\frac{3a^2-6b^2-a}{18a^2-36b^2-9b}\inℚ\Rightarrow\sqrt{2}\inℚ\)=> Vô lý vì \(\sqrt{2}\)là số vô tỷ
-Vậy ta có: \(18a^2-36b^2-9b=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}18a^2-36b^2-9b=0\\3a^2-6b^2-a=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3a^2-6b^2=\frac{3}{2}b\\3a^2-6b^2=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{3}{2}b}\)
Thay a=\(\frac{3}{2}b\)vào \(3a^2-6b^2-a=0\)
ta có \(3\cdot\frac{9}{4}b^2-6b^2-\frac{3}{2}b=0\Leftrightarrow27b^2-6b=0\Leftrightarrow3b\left(b-2\right)=0\)
Ta có b=0 (loại), b=2 (tm) => a=3
Vậy b=2; a=3
Bài 2 xét x=0 => A =0
xét x>0 thì \(A=\frac{1}{x-2+\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}}}\)
để A nguyên thì \(x-2+\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}}\inƯ\left(1\right)\)
=>cho \(x-2+\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}}\)bằng 1 và -1 rồi giải ra =>x=?
1,Ta có \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2=a+b+c+2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{bc}+2\sqrt{ac}\)
=> \(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}=2\)
\(a+2=a+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(b+2=\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}\right)\)
\(c+2=\left(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{a}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{a+2}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{b+2}+\frac{\sqrt{c}}{c+2}=\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}\right)}+...\)
=> \(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{a+2}+...=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}}\)
=> M=0
Vậy M=0
gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
b) Đặt a+b=s và ab=p. Ta có: \(a^2+b^2=4-\left(\frac{ab+2}{a+b}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab+\frac{\left(ab+2\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow s^2-2p+\frac{\left(p+2\right)^2}{s^2}=4\Leftrightarrow s^4-2ps^2+\left(p+2\right)^2=4s^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow s^4-2s^2\left(p+2\right)+\left(p+2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(s^2-p-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow s^2-p-2=0\Leftrightarrow p+2=s^2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{p+2}=\left|s\right|\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab+2}=\left|a+b\right|\)
Vì a, b là số hữu tỉ nên |a+b| là số hữu tỉ. Vậy \(\sqrt{ab+2}\)là số hữu tỉ
\(\frac{2}{a+b\sqrt{5}}-\frac{3}{a-b\sqrt{5}}=\frac{2\left(a-b\sqrt{5}\right)-3\left(a+b\sqrt{5}\right)}{\left(a+b\sqrt{5}\right)\left(a-b\sqrt{5}\right)}\)\(=\frac{-a-5b\sqrt{5}}{a^2-5b^2}=\frac{-a}{a^2-5b^2}+\frac{-5b\sqrt{5}}{a^2-5b^2}\).
Suy ra:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{-a}{a^2-5b^2}=-9\\-\frac{5b}{a^2-5b^2}=-20\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{b}=\frac{9}{4}\\\frac{a}{a^2-5b^2}=-9\end{cases}}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{9}=\frac{b}{4}=k\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=9k\\b=4k\end{cases}}\).
Suy ra \(\frac{a}{a^2-5b^2}=\frac{9k}{81k^2-5.16k^2}=\frac{9}{k}=-9\).
Suy ra \(k=-1\).
Vậy \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=9k\\b=4k\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-9\\b=-4\end{cases}}}\).
\(\frac{5\left(a-b\sqrt{2}\right)-4\left(a+b\sqrt{2}\right)}{a^2-2b^2}+18\sqrt{2}=3\)
\(\left(a-9b\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(a^2-2b^2\right)18\sqrt{2}=3\left(a^2-2b\right)\)
\(\sqrt{2}\left[18\left(a^2-2b^2\right)-9b\right]+a=3\left(a^2-2b\right)\)
\(\sqrt{2}\)là số vô tỷ=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2a^2-4b^2-b=0\\3a^2-6b-a=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\) (giải hệ này ra a,b)