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\(\text{a)}x\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-x-1\)
\(=\left(x\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}\right)-\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{x}\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\)
\(\text{b)}\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{a}+3\sqrt{b}+6\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{a}\right)+\left(3\sqrt{b}+6\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)+3\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+3\right)\)
\(\text{c)}\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)^2-4\sqrt{x}\)
\(=\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)^2-\left(2\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(1+\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)\)
\(\text{d)}\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}+1\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{a}\right)-\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\)
\(\text{e)}a+\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{b}\)
\(=\left(a+\sqrt{a}\right)+\left(2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2+\sqrt{a}\right]+\left(2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)+2\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(\text{f)}x-2\sqrt{x-1}-a^2\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x-2}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}}\right)^2-a^2\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x-2}\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}}\right)^2-a^2\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x-1}}\right)^2-a^2\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x-1}}+a\right)\left(\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x-1}}-a\right)\)
a)
\(3\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{3}+6\)
\(=\sqrt{6}\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}\right)\)
b)
\(2\sqrt{15}-2\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{6}-3\)
\(=2\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)-\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(2\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\right)\)
c)
\(\sqrt{8}-\sqrt{5}-2+\sqrt{10}\)
\(=2\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)+\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)\)
d)
\(a\sqrt{b}+b\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\)
e)
\(\sqrt{x^3}-\sqrt{y^3}+\sqrt{x^2y}-\sqrt{xy^2}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{xy}+y\right)+\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\)
a) ĐK: $x\geq 0$
\(A=2x-6\sqrt{x}-1=2(x-3\sqrt{x}+\frac{3^2}{2^2})-\frac{11}{2}\)
\(=2(\sqrt{x}-\frac{3}{2})^2-\frac{11}{2}\geq \frac{-11}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của $A$ là $\frac{-11}{2}$. Giá trị này đạt được tại \((\sqrt{x}-\frac{3}{2})^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{9}{4}\)
b) Không đủ căn cứ để tìm min- max
c)
\(E=\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}+\sqrt{4x^2-12x+9}=\sqrt{(2x-1)^2}+\sqrt{(2x-3)^2}\)
\(=|2x-1|+|2x-3|\)
Áp dụng BĐT dạng $|a|+|b|\geq |a+b|$ ta có:
\(E=|2x-1|+|3-2x|\geq |2x-1+3-2x|=2\)
Vậy $E_{\min}=2$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(2x-1)(3-2x)\geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{2}\leq x\leq \frac{3}{2}$
d) ĐKXĐ: \(\frac{7}{2}\leq x\leq \frac{5}{2}\) (vô lý)
e)
\(A=-3x+6\sqrt{x}+3=6-3(x-2\sqrt{x}+1)=6-3(\sqrt{x}-1)^2\)
\(\leq 6\) do $(\sqrt{x}-1)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x\geq 0$)
Vậy $A_{\max}=6$. Giá trị này xác định tại $(\sqrt{x}-1)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=1$
f) ĐK: $x\geq 4$
\(E^2=4x-7-2\sqrt{(2x+1)(2x-8)}\)
Với mọi $x\geq 4$ thì:
\(2x+1> 2x-8\Rightarrow (2x+1)(2x-8)\geq(2x-8)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow E^2\leq 4x-7-2\sqrt{(2x-8)^2}=4x-7-2(2x-8)=9\)
$\Rightarrow E\leq 3$
Vậy $E_{\max}=3$ khi $2x-8=0\Leftrightarrow x=4$
a/ \(A=\frac{30\left(\sqrt{6}-1\right)}{5}+\frac{2\left(\sqrt{6}+2\right)}{2}-\frac{6\left(3+\sqrt{6}\right)}{3}=6\sqrt{6}-6+\sqrt{6}+2-6-2\sqrt{6}\)
\(A=5\sqrt{6}-10\)
\(B=\sqrt{17-6\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{8+4\sqrt{2}+1}}\)
\(B=\sqrt{17-6\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{18-4\sqrt{2}}\)
Đến đây ko rút gọn được nữa, nhưng nếu đề là:
\(B=\sqrt{17+6\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{8+4\sqrt{2}+1}}=\sqrt{18+8\sqrt{2}}=4+\sqrt{2}\)
c/
\(C=\sqrt{8-2\sqrt{7}}+\sqrt{8+2\sqrt{7}}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}+1\right)^2}\)
\(C=\sqrt{7}-1+\sqrt{7}+1=2\sqrt{7}\)
\(D=\sqrt{a-2\sqrt{a}+1}-\sqrt{a-8\sqrt{a}+16}\)
\(D=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(4-\sqrt{a}\right)^2}=\sqrt{a}-1-\left(4-\sqrt{a}\right)=2\sqrt{a}-5\)
\(E=\sqrt{a-2+2\sqrt{a-2}+1}+\sqrt{a-2-2\sqrt{a-2}+1}\) (\(a\ge2\))
\(E=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-2}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-2}-1\right)^2}\)
\(E=\sqrt{a-2}+1+\left|\sqrt{a-2}-1\right|\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}E=2\sqrt{a-2}\left(a\ge3\right)\\E=2\left(2\le a\le3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(F=\sqrt[3]{10+6\sqrt{3}}-\sqrt{3}=\sqrt[3]{1+3.1.\sqrt{3}+3.1.\sqrt{3}^2+\sqrt{3}^3}-\sqrt{3}\)
\(F=\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)^3}-\sqrt{3}=1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}=1\)
\(G=\sqrt[3]{7+5\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{7-5\sqrt{2}}\Rightarrow G^3=\left(\sqrt[3]{7+5\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{7-5\sqrt{2}}\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow G^3=14+3\left(\sqrt[3]{7+5\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{7-5\sqrt{2}}\right)\left(\sqrt[3]{49-50}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow G^3=14-3G\Rightarrow G^3+3G-14=0\)
\(\Rightarrow G=2\)
\(a,\)Vì \(a< b\Rightarrow a-b< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}^2-\sqrt{b}^2< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)< 0\)
Mà \(a,b>0\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}< \sqrt{b}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(b,\)Ta có:\(a\ge0;b>0\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}>0\)
Vì\(\sqrt{a}< \sqrt{b}\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}< 0\)(1)
Nhân hai vế của (1) với \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\).Mà theo cmt thì \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}>0\)nên khi nhân vào thì dấu của BPT (1) không đổi chiều
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)< 0\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}^2-\sqrt{b}^2< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-b< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow a< 0\left(đpcm\right)\)
1/ \(a+1=\sqrt[4]{\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}-\sqrt[4]{\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{3}-1}}-\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{3}+1}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1-\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
2/ \(a+b=5\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=125\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=125\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3=125-3ab\left(a+b\right)=125-3.1.5=110\)
3/ \(mn\left(mn+1\right)^2-\left(m+n\right)^2.mn\)
\(=mn\left(\left(mn+1\right)^2-\left(m+n\right)^2\right)\)
\(=mn\left(mn+1-m-n\right)\left(mn+1+m+n\right)\)
\(=mn\left(m-1\right)\left(n-1\right)\left(m+1\right)\left(n+1\right)\)
\(=\left(m-1\right)m\left(m+1\right)\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\)
Do \(\left(m-1\right)m\left(m+1\right)\) và \(\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\) đều là tích của 3 số nguyên liên tiếp nên chúng đều chia hết cho 3 \(\Rightarrow\) tích của chúng chia hết cho 36
4/
Do \(0\le x\le1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x-1\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x\left(x-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x\le0\Leftrightarrow x^2\le x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
5/ Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{5a+4}=x\\\sqrt{5b+4}=y\\\sqrt{5c+4}=z\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do \(a+b+c=1\Rightarrow0\le a;b;c\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow2\le x;y;z\le3\) và \(x^2+y^2+z^2=5\left(a+b+c\right)+12=17\)
Khi đó ta có:
Do \(2\le x\le3\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+6\le0\Leftrightarrow x\ge\frac{x^2+6}{5}\)
Tương tự: \(y\ge\frac{y^2+6}{5}\) ; \(z\ge\frac{z^2+6}{5}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(A=x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+18}{5}=\frac{17+18}{5}=7\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=7\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(2;2;3\right)\) và các hoán vị hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
Bài 1:
Ta có: a,b không âm(gt)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}\) và \(\sqrt{b}\) được xác định
Ta có: \(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-2\sqrt{ab}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
\(a,\sqrt{mn}+1+\sqrt{m}+\sqrt{n}\)
\(=\sqrt{mn}+\sqrt{m}+\sqrt{n}+1\)
\(=\sqrt{m}\left(\sqrt{n}+1\right)+\sqrt{n}+1\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{n}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{m}+1\right)\)
\(b,a+b-2\sqrt{ab}-25\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2-5^2\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}-5\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}+5\right)\)
\(c,m-2\sqrt{m}-3\)
\(=m-2\sqrt{m}+1-4\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{m}-1\right)^2-2^2\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{m}-1+2\right)\left(\sqrt{m}-1-2\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{m}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{m}-3\right)\)
\(d,a+6\sqrt{a}+8\)
\(=a+6\sqrt{a}+9-1\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}+3\right)^2-1\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}+3+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+3-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}+4\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\)
\(e,\sqrt{m}-m^2=\sqrt{m}\left[1-\left(\sqrt{m}\right)^3\right]\)
\(=\sqrt{m}\left(1-\sqrt{m}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{m}+m\right)\)
\(f,p^2+\sqrt{p}=\sqrt{p}\left[\left(\sqrt{p}\right)^3+1\right]\)
\(=\sqrt{p}\left(\sqrt{p}+1\right)\left(p-\sqrt{p}+1\right)\)
=.= hok tốt !!