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Áp dụng công thức khai triển nhị thức Newton, ta có :
\(\left(1+mx\right)^n=1+C_n^1\left(mx\right)+C_n^2\left(mx\right)^2+.....C_n^n\left(mx\right)^n\)
\(\left(1+nx\right)^m=1+C_m^1\left(nx\right)+C_m^2\left(nx\right)+....+C_m^m\left(nx\right)^m\)
Mặt khác ta có : \(C_n^1\left(mx\right)=C_n^1\left(nx\right)=mnx\)
\(C_n^2\left(mx\right)^2=\frac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}m^2x^2;C_m^2\left(nx\right)^2=\frac{m\left(m-1\right)}{2}n^2x^2;\)
Từ đó ta có :
\(L=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left[\frac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}m^2-\frac{m\left(m-1\right)}{2}n^2\right]x^2+\alpha_3x^3+\alpha_4x^4+....+\alpha_kx^k}{x^2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (2) ta có : \(L=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left[\frac{mn\left(n-m\right)}{2}+\alpha_3x+\alpha_4x^2+....+\alpha_kx^{k-2}\right]=\frac{mn\left(n-m\right)}{2}\)
\(=lim\frac{3.2^n-3^n}{2.2^n+3.3^n}=lim\frac{3.\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^n-1}{2.\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^n+3}=\frac{3.0-1}{2.0+3}=-\frac{1}{3}\)
a) lim (n3 + 2n2 – n + 1) = lim n3 (1 + ) = +∞
b) lim (-n2 + 5n – 2) = lim n2 ( -1 + ) = -∞
c) lim ( - n) = lim
= lim = lim = lim = .
d) lim ( + n) = lim ( + n) = lim n ( + 1) = +∞.
Ta có \(\frac{x^n-nx+n-1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}=\frac{\left(x^n-1\right)-n\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^{n-1}+x^{n-1}+....+x+1-n\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\) (1)
Từ (1) suy ra :
\(L=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^{n-1}+x^{n-2}+.....+x-\left(n-1\right)}{x-1}\) (2)
\(L=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x^{n-1}-1\right)+\left(x^{n-2}-1\right)+.....+\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left[\left(x^{n-1}+x^{n-3}+.....+x+1\right)+.....+\left(x+1\right)+1\right]}{x-1}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left[1+\left(x+1\right)+....+\left(x^{n-2}+x^{n-3}+.....+x+1\right)\right]\)
\(=1+2+....+\left(n-1\right)=\frac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)
\(\lim\limits\left(\sqrt{2n^2+3}-\sqrt{n^2+1}\right)=\lim\limits\frac{n^2-2}{\left(\sqrt{2n^2+3}+\sqrt{n^2+1}\right)}=\lim\limits\frac{n-\frac{2}{n}}{\sqrt{2+\frac{3}{n^2}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}}}=+\infty\)
\(\lim\limits\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}=\lim\limits\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)=+\infty\)
\(a=lim\frac{n^2+n}{6n^3}=lim\frac{\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^3}}{6}=\frac{0}{6}=0\)
\(b=lim\frac{1+\frac{2}{n}}{1+\frac{1}{n}}+lim\frac{sinn}{2^n}=1+0=1\)
Giải thích: \(-1\le sin\left(n\right)\le1\) \(\forall n\Rightarrow\frac{-1}{2^n}\le\frac{sin\left(n\right)}{2^n}\le\frac{1}{2^n}\)
Mà \(lim\frac{-1}{2^n}=lim\frac{1}{2^n}=0\Rightarrow lim\frac{sin\left(n\right)}{2^n}=0\) theo nguyên tắc giới hạn kẹp
\(c=lim\frac{-3n-1}{\sqrt{n^2-3n}+\sqrt{n^2+1}}=lim\frac{-3-\frac{1}{n}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{n}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}}}=\frac{-3}{1+1}=-\frac{3}{2}\)
\(d=lim\frac{3n^2}{\sqrt[3]{\left(n^3+3n^2\right)^2}+n\sqrt[3]{n^3+3n^2}+n^2}=lim\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\frac{3}{n}\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{3}{n}}+1}=\frac{3}{1+1+1}=1\)
\(lim\frac{n^2-\sqrt[3]{n^6-1}}{\sqrt{n^4+1}+n^2}=lim\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{n^4+1}+n^2\right)\left(n^4+n^2\sqrt[3]{n^6-1}+\sqrt[3]{\left(n^6-1\right)^2}\right)}=0\)
\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\frac{\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}}+\frac{x-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}}\right)\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}}+\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}}\right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+0=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(b=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^{n-1}+x^{n-2}+...+x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^{m-1}+x^{m-2}+...+x+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^{n-1}+x^{n-2}+...+1}{x^{m-1}+x^{m-2}+...+1}=\frac{n}{m}\)
\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x-1+x^2-1+...+x^n-1}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x-1}{x-1}+\lim\limits_{\rightarrow1}\frac{x^2-1}{x-1}+...+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^n-1}{x-1}\)
Áp dụng kết quả câu b ta được:
\(c=\frac{1}{1}+\frac{2}{1}+...+\frac{n}{1}=1+2+..+n=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
l i m n 2 + 2 n + 1 - n 2 + n - 1 = 1 2