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4.P = 4x2 + 4xy + 4y2 - 12x - 12y + 8060
= [(4x2 + 4xy + y2) - 6.(2x + y) + 9 ]+ 3y2 - 6y + 8051
= (2x + y - 3)2 + 3. (y - 1)2 + 8048 \(\ge\) 0 + 3.0 + 8048
= 8048
=> P \(\ge\) 8048 : 4 = 2012
=> P nhỏ nhất = 2012 khi 2x + y - 3 = 0 và y - 1 = 0
=> y = 1 và x = 1
Ta có: \(G=x^2+xy+y^2-3x-3y\)
\(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-3\left(x+y\right)-xy\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-3\left(x+y\right)-xy\)
Mà \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\Leftrightarrow-xy\ge-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow G\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2-3\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow G\ge\frac{3\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}-3\left(x+y\right)\)
Đến đây để cho dễ nhìn, ta đặt \(t=x+y\)
\(\Rightarrow G\ge\frac{3t^2}{4}-3t=3\left(\frac{t^2}{4}-\frac{2t}{2}+1\right)-3\ge3\left(\frac{t}{2}-1\right)^2-3\ge3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{t}{2}=1\Leftrightarrow t=2\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=2\\x=y\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=1}\)
Vậy \(MIN_G=-3\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
Gọi \(A=x^2+y^2+xy-3x-3y-3\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+\left(xy-x-y+1\right)-6\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)-6\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+2\cdot\left(x-1\right)\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2-6\)
\(=\left[\left(x-1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)\right]^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2-6\ge-6\) Có GTNN là - 6
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[\left(x-1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)\right]^2=0\\\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=y=1\)
Vậy GTNN của A là - 6 tại \(x=y=1\)
Đặt P =\(x^2+xy+y^2-3x-3y+2018\)
= \(x^2+\left(xy-3x\right)+y^2-3y+2018\)
= \(x^2+x\left(y-3\right)+y^2-3y+2018\)
= \(x^2+2.x.\dfrac{y-3}{2}+\dfrac{\left(y-3\right)^2}{4}-\dfrac{\left(y-3\right)^2}{4}+y^2-3y+2018\)
= \(\left(x+\dfrac{y-3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{-y^2+6y-9+4y^2-12y}{4}+2018\)
= \(\left(x+\dfrac{y-3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3y^2-6y-9}{4}+2011\)
= \(\left(x+\dfrac{y-3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y^2-2y-3\right)+2018\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{y-3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2+2015\)
Với mọi x;y có \(\left(x+\dfrac{y-3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{y-3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2+2015\ge2015\) với mọi x;y
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2015\) với mọi x;y
\(P=2015\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{y-3}{2}=0\\y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y-3=0\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ......