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3x3 + 10x2 + 2 = 3x3 + x2 + 9x2 + 3x - 3x - 1 + 3
= x2( 3x + 1 ) + 3x( 3x + 1 ) - ( 3x + 1 ) + 3
= ( 3x + 1 )( x2 + 3x - 1 ) + 3
Vì ( 3x + 1 )( x2 + 3x - 1 ) ⋮ ( 3x + 1 )
=> 3 ⋮ ( 3x + 1 ) <=> ( 3x + 1 ) ∈ Ư(3) ( đến đây bạn tự xét giá trị nhé )
Câu 1:
Ta có \(x^3+3x-5=x^3+2x+x-5=\left(x^2+2\right)x+x-5\)
để giá trị của đa thức \(x^3+3x-5\)chia hết cho giá trị của đa thức \(x^2+2\)
thì \(x-5⋮x^2+2\Rightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)⋮x^2+2\Rightarrow x^2-25⋮x^2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2-27⋮x^2+2\Rightarrow27⋮x^2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2\inƯ\left(27\right)\)do \(x^2+2\inℤ,\forall x\inℤ\)
mà \(x^2+2\ge2,\forall x\inℤ\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2\in\left\{3;9;27\right\}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\in\left\{1;7;25\right\}\)
mà \(x^2\)là số chính phương \(\forall x\inℤ\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2\in\left\{1;25\right\}\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\)
**bạn nhớ thử lại nhé
\(KL...\)
1.
a. $A=\frac{x^3-x+2}{x-2}=\frac{x^2(x-2)+2x(x-2)+4(x-2)+10}{x-2}$
$=x^2+2x+4+\frac{10}{x-2}$
Với $x$ nguyên, để $A$ nguyên thì $\frac{10}{x-2}$ là số nguyên.
Khi $x$ nguyên, điều này xảy ra khi $10\vdots x-2$
$\Rightarrow x-2\in \left\{\pm 1; \pm 2; \pm 5; \pm 10\right\}$
$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{3; 1; 4; 0; 7; -3; 12; -8\right\}$
b.
\(B=\frac{2x^2+5x+8}{2x+1}=\frac{x(2x+1)+3x+8}{2x+1}=x+\frac{3x+8}{2x+1}\)
Với $x$ nguyên, để $B$ nguyên thì $3x+8\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 2(3x+8)\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 3(2x+1)+13\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 13\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 2x+1\in \left\{\pm 1; \pm 13\right\}$
$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{0; -1; 6; -7\right\}$
Bài 2:
$P=\frac{8x^3-12x^2+6x-1}{4x^2-4x+1}=\frac{(2x-1)^3}{(2x-1)^2}=2x-1$
Với $x$ nguyên thì $2x-1$ cũng là số nguyên.
$\Rightarrow P$ nguyên với mọi $x$ nguyên.
Câu 2:
a) \(ĐKXĐ:x\ne1\)
\(A=\left(\frac{1}{x-1}-\frac{2x}{x^3+x-x^2-1}\right)\div\left(1-\frac{2x}{x^2+1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(\frac{1}{x-1}-\frac{2x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\right)\div\frac{x^2-2x+1}{x^2+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{x^2+1-2x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\div\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{x-1}\)
b) Để A > 0
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1>0\)(Vì\(1>0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x>1\)
c) ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne4\)
Để biểu thức \(\frac{3x^3-4x^2+x-1}{x-4}\) nguyên với \(x\) nguyên thì :
\(3x^3-4x^2+x-1⋮x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3-12x^2+8x^2-32x+33x-132+131⋮x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2.\left(x-4\right)+8x.\left(x-4\right)+31.\left(x-4\right)+131⋮x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow131⋮x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4\inƯ\left(131\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4\in\left\{-1,1,131,-131\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{3,5,135,-127\right\}\)
d) ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne-\frac{3}{2}\)
Để biểu thức \(\frac{3x^2-x+1}{3x+2}\) nhận giá trị nguyên với \(x\) nguyên thì :
\(3x^2-x+1⋮3x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+2x-3x-2+3⋮3x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x.\left(3x+2\right)-\left(3x+2\right)+3⋮3x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3⋮3x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x+2\inƯ\left(3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x+2\in\left\{-1,1,-3,3\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-1,-\frac{1}{3},-\frac{5}{3},\frac{1}{3}\right\}\) mà \(x\) nguyên
\(\Rightarrow x=-1\)
\(P=\left(\frac{x-1}{x+3}+\frac{2}{x-3}+\frac{x^2+3}{9-x^2}\right):\left(\frac{2x-1}{2x+1}-1\right)\)\(\left(đkcđ:x\ne\pm3;x\ne-\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{\left(x-1\right).\left(x-3\right)+2.\left(x+3\right)-\left(x^2+3\right)}{x^2-9}\right):\left(\frac{2x-1-\left(2x+1\right)}{2x+1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{x^2-4x+3+2x+6-x^2-3}{x^2-9}:\frac{-2}{2x+1}\)
\(=\frac{-2x-6}{x^2-9}.\frac{2x+1}{-2}\)
\(=\frac{-2\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x-3\right).\left(x+3\right)}.\frac{2x+1}{-2}\)
\(=\frac{2x+1}{x-3}\)
b)\(\left|x+1\right|=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+1=\frac{1}{2}\\x+1=-\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{2}\left(koTMđkxđ\right)\\x=-\frac{3}{2}\left(TMđkxđ\right)\end{cases}}}\)
thay \(x=-\frac{3}{2}\) vào P tâ đc: \(P=\frac{2x+1}{x-3}=\frac{2.\left(-\frac{3}{2}\right)+1}{-\frac{3}{2}-3}=\frac{4}{9}\)
c)ta có:\(P=\frac{x}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x+1}{x-3}=\frac{x}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2.\left(2x+1\right)=x.\left(x-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x+2=x^2-3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-7x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2.\frac{7}{2}+\frac{49}{4}-\frac{57}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{7}{2}\right)^2-\frac{57}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{7}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{57}}{2}\right).\left(x-\frac{7}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{57}}{2}\right)\)
bạn tự giải nốt nhé!!
d)\(x\in Z;P\in Z\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x+1}{x-3}\in Z\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x-6+7}{x-3}=2+\frac{7}{x-3}\in Z\)
\(2\in Z\Rightarrow\frac{7}{x-3}\in Z\Leftrightarrow x-3\inƯ\left(7\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm7\right\}\)
bạn tự làm nốt nhé
a, \(\left(\dfrac{x^2-4x+3+2x+6-x^2-3}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{2x-1-2x-1}{2x+1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-2x+6}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}:\dfrac{-2}{2x+1}=\dfrac{-2\left(x-3\right)\left(2x+1\right)}{-2\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{2x+1}{x+3}\)
b, \(\left|x+1\right|=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}-1\\x=-\dfrac{1}{2}-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ktmđk\right)\\x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay x = -3/2 ta được \(\dfrac{2\left(-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)+1}{-\dfrac{3}{2}+3}=\dfrac{-2}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
a: Để A là số nguyên thì \(x^3-3x^2-x^2+3x+x-3-7⋮x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{4;2;10;-4\right\}\)
b: Đề sai rồi bạn
