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Bài 2:
ĐKXĐ: $6\geq x\geq \frac{-1}{3}$
PT $\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{3x+1}-4)+(1-\sqrt{6-x})+(3x^2-14x-5)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{3(x-5)}{\sqrt{3x+1}+4}+\frac{x-5}{\sqrt{6-x}+1}+(3x+1)(x-5)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-5)\left[\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+1}+4}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{6-x}+1}+(3x+1)\right]=0$
Với $x$ thuộc đkxđ, dễ thấy biểu thức trong ngoặc vuông $>0$
$\Rightarrow x-5=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=5$
Bài 3:
PT $3x=\sqrt{x^2+12}-\sqrt{x^2+5}+5>0$
$\Rightarrow x>0$
Lại có:
PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^2+12}-4=3(x-2)+(\sqrt{x^2+5}-3)$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{x^2-4}{\sqrt{x^2+12}+4}=3(x-2)+\frac{x^2-4}{\sqrt{x^2+5}+3}$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)\left[\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+12}+4}-3-\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+5}+3}\right]=0$
Với $x>0$, dễ thấy:
$\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+5}+3}+3>\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+12}+4}$ nên biểu thức trong ngoặc vuông âm.
Do đó $x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$ (tm)
a/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x-2-2\sqrt[3]{x^2+5x-2}+4=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x^2+5x-2}=a\)
\(a^3-2a+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(a^2-2a+2\right)=0\Rightarrow a=-2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{x^2+5x-2}=-2\Rightarrow x^2+5x+6=0\Rightarrow...\)
b/ ĐKXĐ:...
\(\Leftrightarrow-3\left(-x^2+4x+10\right)-5\sqrt{-x^2+4x+10}+42=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{-x^2+4x+10}=a\ge0\)
\(-3a^2-5a+42=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-\frac{14}{3}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+4x+10}=3\Rightarrow x^2-4x-1=0\Rightarrow...\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x+3\sqrt{x^2+3x}-10=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+3x}=a\ge0\)
\(a^2+3a-10=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\a=-5\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+3x}=2\Rightarrow x^2+3x-4=0\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: \(-1\le x\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3-x+x^2}=1+\sqrt{2+x-x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-x+x^2=3+x-x^2+2\sqrt{2+x-x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+x-x^2+\sqrt{2+x-x^2}-2=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2+x-x^2}=a\ge0\)
\(a^2+a-2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2+x-x^2}=1\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-1=0\)
e/ \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}-1+\sqrt{x^2-3x+6}-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-3x+2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\frac{x^2-3x+2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+6}+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+6}+2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=0\)
a/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow x+8+\sqrt{x+8}-\left(x+8\right)=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+8}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+8=2x+3+2\sqrt{x^2+3x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5-x=2\sqrt{x^2+3x}\) (\(x\le5\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-10x+25=4\left(x^2+3x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: \(2\le x\le5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-2\right)+\sqrt{2\left(x-2\right)}\left(\sqrt{5-x}-\sqrt{3x-3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2\left(x-2\right)}\left(\sqrt{2x-4}+\sqrt{5-x}-\sqrt{3x-3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\\sqrt{2x-4}+\sqrt{5-x}=\sqrt{3x-3}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x+1+2\sqrt{\left(2x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)}=3x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)}=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)=\left(x-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\le12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{24+x}\sqrt{12-x}-6\sqrt{12-x}+12-x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{12-x}\left(\sqrt[3]{24+x}-6+\sqrt{12-x}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\\sqrt[3]{24+x}+\sqrt{12-x}=6\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (1):
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{24+x}=a\\\sqrt{12-x}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=6\\a^3+b^2=36\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=6-a\\a^3+b^2=36\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+\left(6-a\right)^2=36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+a^2-12a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a^2+a-12\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\a=3\\a=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{24+x}=0\\\sqrt[3]{24+x}=3\\\sqrt[3]{24+x}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}24+x=0\\24+x=27\\24+x=-64\end{matrix}\right.\)
28. \(x^2+\frac{9x^2}{\left(x-3\right)^2}=40\) DK: \(x\ne3\)
PT\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\frac{3x}{x-3}\right)^2-6\frac{x^2}{x-3}-40=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^4}{\left(x-3\right)^2}-6\frac{x^2}{x-3}-40=0\)
Dat \(\frac{x^2}{x-3}=a\). PTTT \(a^2-6a-40=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-10\right)\left(a+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=10\\a=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
giai tiep
14. \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}=1\) DK: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-1+\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}=1\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}=x-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow x-2\sqrt{x}+1=2\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3+2\sqrt{2}\\x=3-2\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)