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Ở tất cả các dạng bài như thế này em chỉ cần ghi nhớ công thức:
\(d(u(x))=u'(x)dx\)
Câu 1)
Ta có \(I_1=\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} e^{\sin x}\cos xdx=\int _{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}e^{\sin x}d(\sin x)\)
Đặt \(\sin x=t\Rightarrow I_1=\int ^{1}_{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}e^tdt=\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right|e^t=e-e^{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}\)
Câu 2)
\(I_2=\int ^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}e^{2\cos x+1}\sin xdx=\frac{-1}{2}\int ^\frac{\pi}{2}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}e^{2\cos x+1}d(2\cos x+1)\)
Đặt \(2\cos x+1=t\Rightarrow I_2=\frac{-1}{2}\int ^{1}_{1+\sqrt{2}}e^tdt\)
\(=\frac{-1}{2}.\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right|e^t=\frac{-1}{2}(e-e^{1+\sqrt{2}})\)
Câu 3:
Có \(I_3=\int ^{e}_{1}\frac{e^{2\ln x+1}}{x}dx=\int ^{e}_{1}e^{2\ln x+1}d(\ln x)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{e}_{1}e^{2\ln x+1}d(2\ln x+1)\)
Đặt \(2\ln x+1=t\Rightarrow I_3=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{3}_{1}e^tdt=\frac{1}{2}.\left.\begin{matrix} 3\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|e^t=\frac{1}{2}(e^3-e)\)
Câu 4:
\(I_4=\int ^{1}_{0}xe^{x^2+2}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{1}_{0}e^{x^2+2}d(x^2+2)\)
Đặt \(x^2+2=t\Rightarrow I_4=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{3}_{2}e^tdt=\frac{1}{2}.\left.\begin{matrix} 3\\ 2\end{matrix}\right|e^t=\frac{1}{2}(e^3-e^2)\)
\(\int\left(\frac{1}{x}-2x\right)dx=ln\left|x\right|-x^2+C\)
\(\int cos2xdx=\frac{1}{2}sin2x+C\)
\(\int\frac{1}{x^2-4x+4}dx=\int\frac{d\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=-\frac{1}{\left(x-2\right)}+C=\frac{1}{2-x}+C\)
\(\int\limits^4_1\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}dx=\sqrt{x}|^4_1=\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{1}=1\)
\(I=\int\limits^1_0\left(2x+1\right)e^xdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=2x+1\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=2dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(2x+1\right)e^x|^1_0-\int\limits^1_02e^xdx=3e-1-2e^x|^1_0=e+3\)
Câu a)
\(\int \frac{1}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\sin ^2x+\cos^2x}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos^4x}dx+\int \frac{1}{\cos^2x}dx\)
Xét \(\int \frac{1}{\cos^2x}dx=\int d(\tan x)=\tan x+c\)
Xét \(\int \frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\tan ^2x}{\cos^2x}dx=\int \tan^2xd(\tan x)=\frac{\tan ^3x}{3}+c\)
Vậy :
\(\int \frac{1}{\cos ^4x}dx=\frac{\tan ^3x}{3}+\tan x+c\)
\(\Rightarrow \int ^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{dx}{\cos^4 x}=\)\(\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{3}\\ \frac{\pi}{6}\end{matrix}\right|\left ( \frac{\tan ^3 x}{3}+\tan x+c \right )=\frac{44}{9\sqrt{3}}\)
Câu b)
\(\int \frac{(x+1)^2}{x^2+1}dx=\int \frac{x^2+1+2x}{x^2+1}dx=\int dx+\int \frac{2xdx}{x^2+1}\)
\(=x+c+\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{x^2+1}=x+\ln (x^2+1)+c\)
Do đó:
\(\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{(x+1)^2}{x^2+1}dx=\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|(x+\ln (x^2+1)+c)=\ln 2+1\)
Câu c)
\(\int \frac{x^2+2\ln x}{x}dx=\int xdx+2\int \frac{2\ln x}{x}dx\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{2}+c+2\int \ln xd(\ln x)\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{2}+c+\ln ^2x\)
\(\Rightarrow \int ^{2}_{1}\frac{x^2+2\ln x}{x}dx=\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|\left ( \frac{x^2}{2}+\ln ^2x +c \right )=\frac{3}{2}+\ln ^22\)
Câu d)
\(\int^{2}_{1} \frac{x^2+3x+1}{x^2+x}dx=\int ^{2}_{1}dx+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{2x+1}{x^2+x}dx\)
\(=\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|x+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{d(x^2+x)}{x^2+x}=1+\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|\ln |x^2+x|=1+\ln 6-\ln 2\)
\(=1+\ln 3\)
\(I=\int\dfrac{x^3dx}{\left(x^8-4\right)^2}\)
Đặt \(x^4=t\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{4}dt\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t^2-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)^2dt=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{2}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)}\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{t-\sqrt{2}}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{x^4-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-\sqrt{2}}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)
2/ \(I=\int\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)dx}{\left(x^2+x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x^2+x+3}\right)\left(2x+1\right)dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+3}\right)dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x-1\right)}{x^2+x-1}-\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+3\right)}{x^2+x+3}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{x^2+x-1}{x^2+x+3}\right|+C\)
3/ Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x}=t\Rightarrow x=t^3\Rightarrow dx=3t^2dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{3t^2.sint.dt}{t^2}=3\int sint.dt=-3cost+C=-3cos\left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)+C\)
4/ \(I=\int\dfrac{dx}{1+cos^2x}=\int\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx}{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}+1}\)
Đặt \(t=tanx\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}dt=\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx\\\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}=1+tan^2x=1+t^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{1+t^2+1}=\int\dfrac{dt}{t^2+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{2}.arctan\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}arctan\left(\dfrac{tanx}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C\)
5/ \(I=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4+2sinx.cosx-sin^2x-cos^2x}dx=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4-\left(sinx-cosx\right)^2}dx\)
Đặt \(sinx-cosx=t\Rightarrow\left(cosx+sinx\right)dx=dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{4-t^2}=-\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-2\right)\left(t+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t+2}-\dfrac{1}{t-2}\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{t+2}{t-2}\right|+C=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{sinx-cosx+2}{sinx-cosx-2}\right|+C\)
Ơ bài 1 nhầm số 4 thành số 2 rồi, bạn sửa lại 1 chút nhé :D
Còn 1 cách làm khác nữa là lượng giác hóa
Đặt \(x^4=2sint\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{2}cost.dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{\left(4sin^2t-4\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^4t}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{1}{cost}\\dv=\dfrac{dt}{cos^2t}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{sint.dt}{cos^2t}\\v=tant\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{tant}{cost}-\int\dfrac{tant.sint.dt}{cos^2t}=\dfrac{sint}{cos^2t}-\int\dfrac{sin^2t.dt}{cos^3t}\)
\(=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{1-cos^2t}{cos^3t}dt=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}+\int\dfrac{1}{cosx}dx\)
Chú ý rằng \(\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}=32I\)
\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-32I+\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^2t}\)
\(\Rightarrow64I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{d\left(sint\right)}{sin^2t-1}=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{sint-1}{sint+1}\right|+C\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{2x^4}{4-x^8}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-2}{x^4+2}\right|\right)+C\)
Câu 1: điều kiện là hàm f(x) liên tục và khả vi trên [1;6]
\(\int\limits^6_1f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^6_2f\left(x\right)dx=4+12=16\)
Câu 2:
Không tính được tích phân kia, tích phân \(\int\limits^3_1f\left(3x\right)dx\) thì còn tính được
Ko thể dịch nổi đề câu 1 a;b, chỉ đoán thôi. Còn câu 2 thì thực sự là chẳng hiểu bạn viết cái gì nữa? Chưa bao giờ thấy kí hiệu tích phân đi kèm kiểu đó
Câu 1:
a/ \(\int\frac{2x+4}{x^2+4x-5}dx=\int\frac{d\left(x^2+4x-5\right)}{x^2+4x-5}=ln\left|x^2+4x-5\right|+C\)
b/ \(\int\frac{1}{x.lnx}dx\)
Đặt \(t=lnx\Rightarrow dt=\frac{dx}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\frac{dt}{t}=ln\left|t\right|+C=ln\left|lnx\right|+C\)
c/ \(I=\int x.sin\frac{x}{2}dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x\\dv=sin\frac{x}{2}dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=dx\\v=-2cos\frac{x}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=-2x.cos\frac{x}{2}+2\int cos\frac{x}{2}dx=-2x.cos\frac{x}{2}+4sin\frac{x}{2}+C\)
d/ Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=ln\left(2x\right)\\dv=x^3dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{2dx}{2x}=\frac{dx}{x}\\v=\frac{1}{4}x^4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{1}{4}x^4.ln\left(2x\right)-\frac{1}{4}\int x^3dx=\frac{1}{4}x^4.ln\left(2x\right)-\frac{1}{16}x^4+C\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{x}{8}=\sin t$
Khi đó:
\(S=5\int ^{\frac{\pi}{6}}_{\frac{-\pi}{6}}\sqrt{1-\sin ^2t}d(8\sin t)=40\int ^{\frac{\pi}{6}}_{\frac{-\pi}{6}}\cos^2 tdt\)
\(=20\int ^{\frac{\pi}{6}}_{\frac{-\pi}{6}}(\cos 2t+1)dt\)
\(=(10\sin 2t+20t)|^{\frac{\pi}{6}}_{\frac{-\pi}{6}}=10\sqrt{3}+\frac{20}{3}\pi\)
\(S=5.\int\sqrt{\left(1-\dfrac{x}{8}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{x}{8}\right)}dx\)
\(t=1-\dfrac{x}{8}\Rightarrow x=8\left(1-t\right)\Rightarrow dx=-8dt\)
\(\Rightarrow S=-5.8\int\sqrt{t\left(1+\dfrac{8\left(1-t\right)}{8}\right)}dt=-40\int\sqrt{t\left(2-t\right)}dt=-40\int\sqrt{1-\left(t-1\right)^2}dt\)
\(t-1=\sin u\left(-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\le u\le\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\Rightarrow dt=\cos udu\)
\(\Rightarrow S=-40\int\cos^2u.du=-20\int[1+\cos\left(2u\right)]du\)
\(=-20\int du-20\int\cos\left(2u\right)du=-20u+\dfrac{20}{2}\sin2u=-20arc\sin\left(t-1\right)+10\sin2\left[arc\sin\left(t-1\right)\right]\)
\(=-20arc\sin\left(\dfrac{x}{8}\right)+10\sin2\left[arc\sin\left(\dfrac{x}{8}\right)\right]\)
P/s: Bạn tự thay cận vô ạ