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\(\int\left(\frac{1}{x}-2x\right)dx=ln\left|x\right|-x^2+C\)
\(\int cos2xdx=\frac{1}{2}sin2x+C\)
\(\int\frac{1}{x^2-4x+4}dx=\int\frac{d\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=-\frac{1}{\left(x-2\right)}+C=\frac{1}{2-x}+C\)
\(\int\limits^4_1\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}dx=\sqrt{x}|^4_1=\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{1}=1\)
\(I=\int\limits^1_0\left(2x+1\right)e^xdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=2x+1\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=2dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(2x+1\right)e^x|^1_0-\int\limits^1_02e^xdx=3e-1-2e^x|^1_0=e+3\)
Câu a: Tích phân không thể tính được
Câu b:
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=t\). Khi đó:
\(\int ^{\pi ^2}_{0}x\sin \sqrt{x}dx=\int ^{\pi}_{0}t^2\sin td(t^2)\) \(=2\int ^{\pi}_{0}t^3\sin tdt\)
Tính \(\int t^3\sin tdt\) bằng nguyên hàm từng phần:
\(\Rightarrow \int t^3\sin tdt=\int t^3d(-\cos t)=-t^3\cos t+\int \cos t d(t^3)\)
\(=-t^3\cos t+3\int t^2\cos tdt\)
\(=-t^3\cos t+3\int t^2d(\sin t)=-t^3\cos t+3(t^2\sin t-\int \sin td(t^2))\)
\(=-t^3\cos t+3(t^2\sin t-2\int t\sin tdt)\)
\(=-t^3\cos t+3(t^2\sin t-2\int td(-cos t))\)
\(=-t^3\cos t+3[t^2\sin t-2(-t\cos t+\int \cos tdt)]\)
\(=-t^3\cos t+3t^2\sin t+6t\cos t-6\sin t+c\)
\(\Rightarrow 2\int ^{\pi}_{0}t^3\sin tdt=2(-t^3\cos t+3t^2\sin t+6t\cos t-6\sin t+c)\left|\begin{matrix} \pi\\ 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=2\pi ^3-12\pi \)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(2x+1=t\Rightarrow x=\frac{t-1}{2}\)
Khi đó:
\(\int ^{\frac{1}{9}}_{0}\frac{x}{\sin ^2(2x+1)}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{\frac{11}{9}}_{0}\frac{t-1}{\sin ^2t}d(\frac{t-1}{2})=\frac{1}{4}\int ^{\frac{11}{9}}_{1}\frac{t-1}{\sin ^2t}dt\)
Xét \(\int \frac{t-1}{\sin ^2t}dt=\int \frac{t}{\sin ^2t}dt-\int \frac{dt}{\sin ^2t}=\int td(-\cot t)-(-\cot t)+c\)
\(=(-t\cot t+\int \cot tdt)+\cot t+c\)
\(=-t\cot t+\int \frac{\cos t}{\sin t}dt+\cot t+c\)
\(=-t\cot t+\int \frac{d(\sin t)}{\sin t}+\cot t+c\)
\(=-t\cot t+\ln |\sin t|+\cot t+c\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{4}\int ^{\frac{11}{9}}_{1}\frac{t-1}{\sin ^2t}dt=\frac{1}{4}(-t\cot t+\ln |\sin t|+\cot t+c)\left|\begin{matrix} \frac{11}{9}\\ 1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\approx 0,007\)
Câu 1: điều kiện là hàm f(x) liên tục và khả vi trên [1;6]
\(\int\limits^6_1f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^6_2f\left(x\right)dx=4+12=16\)
Câu 2:
Không tính được tích phân kia, tích phân \(\int\limits^3_1f\left(3x\right)dx\) thì còn tính được
lâu ko làm tích phân cũng quên béng đi rồi những câu này cũng không khó chú ý 1 chút là làm đc ak ,
trong cái căn bậc 2 nhé 3+2x-x^2= -((x-1)^2+2)) sau do dat x-1=a nen x+1=a+2 thay vap bieu tu lam binh thuong la ra thoi ak
1)
Ta có:
\(\int (2-\cot ^2x)dx=\int (2-\frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x})dx\)
\(=\int (2-\frac{1-\sin ^2x}{\sin ^2x})dx=\int (3-\frac{1}{\sin ^2x})dx=3\int dx-\int \frac{dx}{\sin ^2x}\)
\(=3x+\int d(\cot x)=3x+\cot x+c\)
\(\Rightarrow \int ^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{\frac{\pi}{3}}(2-\cot ^2x)dx=\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{2}\\ \frac{\pi}{3}\end{matrix}\right|(3x+\cot x+c)=\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
3)
Xét \(\int (2\tan x-3\cot x)^2dx\)
\(=\int (4\tan ^2x+9\cot ^2x-12)dx\)
\(=\int (\frac{4\sin ^2x}{\cos ^2x}+\frac{9\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}-12)dx\)
\(=\int (\frac{4(1-\cos ^2x)}{\cos ^2x}+\frac{9(1-\sin ^2x)}{\sin ^2x}-12)dx\)
\(=\int (\frac{4}{\cos ^2x}+\frac{9}{\sin ^2x}-25)dx\)
\(=4\int d(\tan x)-9\int d(\cot x)-25\int dx\)
\(=4\tan x-9\cot x-25x+c\)
Do đó:
\(\int ^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{6}}(2\tan x-3\cot x)^2dx=\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{3}\\ \frac{\pi}{6}\end{matrix}\right|(4\tan x-9\cot x-25x+c)=\frac{26\sqrt{3}}{3}-\frac{25\pi}{6}\)
2)
Xét \(\int (\tan x+\cot x)^2dx=\int (\tan ^2x+\cot ^2x+2)dx\)
\(=\int (\frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos^2 x}+\frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}+2)dx\)
\(=\int (\frac{1-\cos ^2x}{\cos ^2x}+\frac{1-\sin ^2x}{\sin ^2x}+2)dx\)
\(=\int (\frac{1}{\cos ^2x}+\frac{1}{\sin ^2x})dx\)
\(=\int d(\tan x)-\int d(\cot x)=\tan x-\cot x+c\)
Do đó:
\(\int ^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{6}}(\tan x+\cot x)^2dx=\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{3}\\ \frac{\pi}{6}\end{matrix}\right|(\tan x-\cot x+c)=2\sqrt{3}-\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Xét \(\int \frac{\tan ^2x-\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}dx=\int \frac{\tan ^2x}{\sin ^2x}dx-\int \frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}dx\)
Có:
\(\int \frac{\tan ^2x}{\sin ^2x}dx=\int \frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos ^2x. \sin^2 x}dx=\int \frac{1}{\cos ^2x}dx\)
\(=\int d(\tan x)=\tan x+c\)
Và:
\(\int \frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}dx=\int \frac{1-\sin ^2x}{\sin ^2x}dx=\int \frac{1}{\sin ^2x}dx-\int dx\)
\(=-\int d(\cot x)-x+c=-\cot x-x+c\)
Do đó:
\(\int \frac{\tan ^2x-\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}dx=\tan x+c-(-\cot x-x+c)=\tan x+\cot x+x+c\)
\(\Rightarrow \int ^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{\tan ^2x-\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}dx=\frac{4\sqrt{3}}{3}+\frac{\pi}{3}-\frac{4\sqrt{3}}{3}-\frac{\pi}{6}=\frac{\pi}{6}\)
Ở tất cả các dạng bài như thế này em chỉ cần ghi nhớ công thức:
\(d(u(x))=u'(x)dx\)
Câu 1)
Ta có \(I_1=\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} e^{\sin x}\cos xdx=\int _{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}e^{\sin x}d(\sin x)\)
Đặt \(\sin x=t\Rightarrow I_1=\int ^{1}_{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}e^tdt=\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right|e^t=e-e^{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}\)
Câu 2)
\(I_2=\int ^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}e^{2\cos x+1}\sin xdx=\frac{-1}{2}\int ^\frac{\pi}{2}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}e^{2\cos x+1}d(2\cos x+1)\)
Đặt \(2\cos x+1=t\Rightarrow I_2=\frac{-1}{2}\int ^{1}_{1+\sqrt{2}}e^tdt\)
\(=\frac{-1}{2}.\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right|e^t=\frac{-1}{2}(e-e^{1+\sqrt{2}})\)
Câu 3:
Có \(I_3=\int ^{e}_{1}\frac{e^{2\ln x+1}}{x}dx=\int ^{e}_{1}e^{2\ln x+1}d(\ln x)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{e}_{1}e^{2\ln x+1}d(2\ln x+1)\)
Đặt \(2\ln x+1=t\Rightarrow I_3=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{3}_{1}e^tdt=\frac{1}{2}.\left.\begin{matrix} 3\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|e^t=\frac{1}{2}(e^3-e)\)
Câu 4:
\(I_4=\int ^{1}_{0}xe^{x^2+2}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{1}_{0}e^{x^2+2}d(x^2+2)\)
Đặt \(x^2+2=t\Rightarrow I_4=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{3}_{2}e^tdt=\frac{1}{2}.\left.\begin{matrix} 3\\ 2\end{matrix}\right|e^t=\frac{1}{2}(e^3-e^2)\)
Ko thể dịch nổi đề câu 1 a;b, chỉ đoán thôi. Còn câu 2 thì thực sự là chẳng hiểu bạn viết cái gì nữa? Chưa bao giờ thấy kí hiệu tích phân đi kèm kiểu đó
Câu 1:
a/ \(\int\frac{2x+4}{x^2+4x-5}dx=\int\frac{d\left(x^2+4x-5\right)}{x^2+4x-5}=ln\left|x^2+4x-5\right|+C\)
b/ \(\int\frac{1}{x.lnx}dx\)
Đặt \(t=lnx\Rightarrow dt=\frac{dx}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\frac{dt}{t}=ln\left|t\right|+C=ln\left|lnx\right|+C\)
c/ \(I=\int x.sin\frac{x}{2}dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x\\dv=sin\frac{x}{2}dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=dx\\v=-2cos\frac{x}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=-2x.cos\frac{x}{2}+2\int cos\frac{x}{2}dx=-2x.cos\frac{x}{2}+4sin\frac{x}{2}+C\)
d/ Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=ln\left(2x\right)\\dv=x^3dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{2dx}{2x}=\frac{dx}{x}\\v=\frac{1}{4}x^4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{1}{4}x^4.ln\left(2x\right)-\frac{1}{4}\int x^3dx=\frac{1}{4}x^4.ln\left(2x\right)-\frac{1}{16}x^4+C\)
\(I=\int\dfrac{x^3dx}{\left(x^8-4\right)^2}\)
Đặt \(x^4=t\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{4}dt\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t^2-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)^2dt=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{2}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)}\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{t-\sqrt{2}}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{x^4-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-\sqrt{2}}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)
2/ \(I=\int\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)dx}{\left(x^2+x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x^2+x+3}\right)\left(2x+1\right)dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+3}\right)dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x-1\right)}{x^2+x-1}-\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+3\right)}{x^2+x+3}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{x^2+x-1}{x^2+x+3}\right|+C\)
3/ Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x}=t\Rightarrow x=t^3\Rightarrow dx=3t^2dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{3t^2.sint.dt}{t^2}=3\int sint.dt=-3cost+C=-3cos\left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)+C\)
4/ \(I=\int\dfrac{dx}{1+cos^2x}=\int\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx}{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}+1}\)
Đặt \(t=tanx\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}dt=\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx\\\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}=1+tan^2x=1+t^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{1+t^2+1}=\int\dfrac{dt}{t^2+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{2}.arctan\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}arctan\left(\dfrac{tanx}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C\)
5/ \(I=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4+2sinx.cosx-sin^2x-cos^2x}dx=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4-\left(sinx-cosx\right)^2}dx\)
Đặt \(sinx-cosx=t\Rightarrow\left(cosx+sinx\right)dx=dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{4-t^2}=-\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-2\right)\left(t+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t+2}-\dfrac{1}{t-2}\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{t+2}{t-2}\right|+C=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{sinx-cosx+2}{sinx-cosx-2}\right|+C\)
Ơ bài 1 nhầm số 4 thành số 2 rồi, bạn sửa lại 1 chút nhé :D
Còn 1 cách làm khác nữa là lượng giác hóa
Đặt \(x^4=2sint\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{2}cost.dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{\left(4sin^2t-4\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^4t}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{1}{cost}\\dv=\dfrac{dt}{cos^2t}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{sint.dt}{cos^2t}\\v=tant\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{tant}{cost}-\int\dfrac{tant.sint.dt}{cos^2t}=\dfrac{sint}{cos^2t}-\int\dfrac{sin^2t.dt}{cos^3t}\)
\(=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{1-cos^2t}{cos^3t}dt=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}+\int\dfrac{1}{cosx}dx\)
Chú ý rằng \(\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}=32I\)
\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-32I+\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^2t}\)
\(\Rightarrow64I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{d\left(sint\right)}{sin^2t-1}=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{sint-1}{sint+1}\right|+C\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{2x^4}{4-x^8}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-2}{x^4+2}\right|\right)+C\)
\(\int\dfrac{2x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2+1}dx\)
\(x+1=\tan t\Rightarrow dx=\left(\tan^2t+1\right)dt\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\dfrac{2x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2+1}dx=\int\dfrac{2\left(\tan t-1\right)+1}{\tan^2t+1}.\left(\tan^2t+1\right)dt\)
\(=\int(2\tan t-1)dt=\int2\tan t.dt-\int dt=2\int\tan t.dt-t\)
\(\int\tan t.dt=\int\dfrac{\sin t}{\cos t}.dt\)
\(u=\cos t\Rightarrow du=-\sin t.dt\Rightarrow\int\dfrac{\sin t}{\cos t}=-\int\dfrac{\sin t}{u}.\dfrac{du}{\sin t}=-ln \left|\cos t\right|+C\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+2x+2}dx=-2ln\left|\cos t\right|-t=-2ln\left|\cos\left[arc\tan\left(x+1\right)\right]\right|-arc\tan\left(x+1\right)\)
P/s: Bạn tự thay cận vô nhé !
\(=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x+2}{x^2+2x+2}dx-\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2+1}dx\)
\(=ln\left(x^2+2x+2\right)|^1_0-arctan\left(x+1\right)|^1_0=...\)