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Bước1: Chứng minh: x>ln(1+x)>x-x^2/2 (khảo sát hàm lớp 12)
Bước2: Đặt A=1+1/2+1/3+...+1/N.
B=1+1/2^2+1/3^2+...+1/N^2.
C=1+1/1.2+1/2.3+...+1/(N-1).N
D=ln(1+1)+ln(1+1/2)+ln(1+1/3)+...
...+ln(1+1/N).
Bước 3: Nhận xét: 1/k(k+1)=1/k-1/(k+1)
suy ra C=2-1/N <2
Bước 4: Nhận xét ln(k+1)-lnk=ln(1+1/k)
suy ra D=ln(N+1)
Bước 5: Nhận xét B<C<2
Bước 6: Chứng minh A->+oo (Omerta_V đã CM)
Bước 7: Từ Bước1 suy ra:
A>D>A-1/2B>A-1.
Bước 8: Vậy A xấp sỉ D với sai số tuyệt đối bằng 1.
Mà A->+oo. Nên khi N rất lớn thì sai số tương đối có thể coi là 0.
Cụ thể hơn Khi N>2^k thì sai số tương đối < k/2
Vậy khi N lớn hơn 1000000 thì ta có thể coi A=ln(N+1).
vậy đáp án là 5
\(\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+......+\frac{1}{2011}}{\frac{2010}{1}+\frac{2009}{2}+\frac{2008}{3}+....+\frac{1}{2010}}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{\frac{2010}{1}+\frac{2009}{2}+\frac{2008}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2010}}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+..+\frac{1}{2011}}{\left(\frac{2009}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2008}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2010}+1\right)+1}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{\frac{2011}{2}+\frac{2011}{3}+...+\frac{2011}{2010}+\frac{2011}{2011}}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{2011\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2010}+\frac{1}{2011}\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2011}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{\frac{2010}{1}+\frac{2009}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2010}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)+\frac{2009}{2}+\frac{2008}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2010}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{1+\left(1+\frac{2009}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2008}{3}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{1}{2010}\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{\frac{2011}{2}+\frac{2011}{3}+...+\frac{2011}{2010}+\frac{2011}{2011}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{2011.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2011}\)
\(C=\frac{\frac{1}{2008}-\frac{1}{2009}-\frac{1}{2010}}{\frac{5}{2008}-\frac{5}{2009}-\frac{5}{2010}}+\frac{\frac{2}{2007}-\frac{2}{2008}-\frac{2}{2009}}{\frac{3}{2007}-\frac{3}{2008}-\frac{3}{2009}}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2008}-\frac{1}{2009}-\frac{1}{2010}}{5.\left(\frac{1}{2008}-\frac{1}{2009}-\frac{1}{2010}\right)}+\frac{2.\left(\frac{1}{2007}-\frac{1}{2008}-\frac{1}{2009}\right)}{3.\left(\frac{1}{2007}-\frac{1}{2008}-\frac{1}{2009}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{3}\)
\(=\frac{13}{15}\)
\(\frac{x-1}{2011}+\frac{x-2}{2012}=\frac{x-3}{2013}+\frac{x-4}{2014}\)
\(\frac{x-1}{2011}+1+\frac{x-2}{2012}+1=\frac{x-3}{2013}+1+\frac{x-4}{2014}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+2010}{2011}+\frac{x+2010}{2012}=\frac{x+2010}{2013}+\frac{x+2010}{2014}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2010\right)\left(\frac{1}{2011}+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2014}\right)=0\)
\(\frac{1}{2011}+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2014}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2010=0\Rightarrow x=-2010\)
Bạn tiếp tục áp dụng phương pháp này vào bài 2 nha nhưng bài b bạn sẽ trừ 1 ở mỗi thức
\(a)\) \(\frac{x-1}{2011}+\frac{x-2}{2012}=\frac{x-3}{2013}+\frac{x-4}{2014}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(\frac{x-1}{2011}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x-2}{2012}+1\right)=\left(\frac{x-3}{2013}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x-4}{2014}+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x-1+2011}{2011}+\frac{x-2+2012}{2012}=\frac{x-3+2013}{2013}+\frac{x-4+2014}{2014}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x-2010}{2011}+\frac{x+2010}{2012}=\frac{x+2010}{2013}+\frac{x+2010}{2014}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x-2010}{2011}+\frac{x+2010}{2012}-\frac{x+2010}{2013}-\frac{x+2010}{2014}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x-2010\right)\left(\frac{1}{2011}+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2014}\right)=0\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{2011}+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2014}\ne0\)
Nên \(x-2010=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(x=2010\)
Vậy \(x=2010\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
\(\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{\frac{2010}{1}+\frac{2009}{2}+\frac{2008}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2010}}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{\left(\frac{2009}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2008}{3}+1\right)+....+\left(\frac{1}{2010}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{\frac{2011}{2}+\frac{2011}{3}+....+\frac{2011}{2010}}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{2011\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2011}\)