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Đối với những phương trình lượng giác chứa tanx, cotx, sin2x hoặc cos2x, ta có thể đưa về phương trình chứa cosx, sinx, sin2x, hoặc cos2x ngoài ra cũng có thể đặt ẩn phụ t = tanx để đưa về một phương trình theo t.
Cách 1: Điều kiện của phương trình:
sin2x ≠ 0 ⇔ cos2x ≠ 1 hoặc cos2x ≠ -1 (1)
Ta có:
Cách 2. Đặt t = tanx
Điều kiện t ≠ 0
Phương trình đã cho có dạng
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}sin2x\ne0\\tanx\ne-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{cosx}{sinx}-1=\frac{cos^2x-sin^2x}{1+\frac{sinx}{cosx}}+sin^2x-sinx.cosx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{cosx-sinx}{sinx}=cosx\left(cosx-sinx\right)-sinx\left(cosx-sinx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx-sinx=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\\frac{1}{sinx}=cosx-sinx\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow sinx.cosx-sin^2x=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2sinx.cosx+1-2sin^2x=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin2x+cos2x=3\)
Vế trái không lớn hơn 2 nên pt vô nghiệm
e/
\(\Leftrightarrow1+cos2x+1+cos4x+1+cos6x=3+3cosx.cos4x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x+cos6x+cos4x-3cosx.cos4x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos4x.cos2x+cos4x-3cosx.cos4x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos4x\left(2cos2x+1-3cosx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cos4x=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{\pi}{8}+\frac{k\pi}{4}\\2cos2x-3cosx+1=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2\left(2cos^2x-1\right)-3cosx+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4cos^2x-3cosx-1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=1\\cosx=-\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=k2\pi\\x=\pm arccos\left(-\frac{1}{4}\right)+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
d/
\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(1+cosx\right)=2+\left(sin^2x-cos^2x\right)\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(1+cosx\right)=2+sin^2x-cos^2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5+5cosx=2+1-cos^2x-cos^2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos^2x+5cosx+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=-\frac{1}{2}\\cosx=-2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\pm\frac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{cos^2x}=\frac{1-cos^2x+1-sin^3x}{1-sin^3x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{cos^2x}=\frac{sin^2x}{1-sin^3x}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{cos^2x}-1=\frac{sin^2x}{1-sin^3x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1-cos^2x}{cos^2x}=\frac{sin^2x}{1-sin^3x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{sin^2x}{cos^2x}=\frac{sin^2x}{1-sin^3x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx=0\Rightarrow x=k\pi\\cos^2x=1-sin^3x\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow1-sin^2x=1-sin^3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin^3x-sin^2x=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx=0\\sinx=1\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\frac{k\pi}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{sin2x.sinx+cos2x.cosx}{sinx.cosx}=\frac{sinx}{cosx}-\frac{cosx}{sinx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{cos\left(2x-x\right)}{sinx.cosx}=\frac{sin^2x-cos^2x}{sinx.cosx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosx=sin^2x-cos^2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosx=1-2cos^2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos^2x+cosx-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=-1\left(l\right)\\cosx=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\pm\frac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)
36.
\(sin^2x-cos^2x\ne0\Leftrightarrow cos2x\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\ne\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{k\pi}{2}\)
37.
\(cos3x\ne cosx\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x\ne x+k2\pi\\3x\ne-x+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne k\pi\\x\ne\frac{k\pi}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x\ne\frac{k\pi}{2}\)
38.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\sin\pi x\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\\pi x\ne k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x\ne k\end{matrix}\right.\)
39.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}cos\left(x-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\ne0\\tan\left(x-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\ne-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\frac{\pi}{3}\ne\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\\x-\frac{\pi}{3}\ne-\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\frac{5\pi}{6}+k\pi\\x\ne-\frac{\pi}{12}+k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
33.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}cosx\ne0\\cos\frac{x}{2}\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\\x\ne\pi+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
34.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}sinx\ne0\\cosx\ne0\\cotx\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}sin2x\ne0\\cotx\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\frac{k\pi}{2}\\x\ne\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
35.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}sinx\ne0\\cosx\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow sinx\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\ne k\pi\)
b/
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}cosx+1-cos^2x+2cos^2x-1=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos^2x+\frac{1}{2}cosx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosx\left(cosx+\frac{1}{2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=0\\cosx=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\\x=\pm\frac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{sinx}{cosx}+\frac{cosx}{sinx}\right)^2+\frac{3}{sin2x}-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{sin^2x+cos^2x}{sinx.cosx}\right)^2+\frac{3}{sin2x}-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{2}{sin2x}\right)^2+\frac{3}{sin2x}-7=0\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{sin2x}=a\Rightarrow4a^2+3a-7=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-\frac{7}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{sin2x}=1\\\frac{1}{sin2x}=-\frac{7}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin2x=1\\sin2x=-\frac{4}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\2x=arcsin\left(-\frac{4}{7}\right)+k2\pi\\2x=\pi-arcsin\left(-\frac{4}{7}\right)+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\x=\frac{1}{2}arcsin\left(-\frac{4}{7}\right)+k\pi\\x=\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{1}{2}arcsin\left(-\frac{4}{7}\right)+k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos2x.cosx+\left(cos^2x+sin^2x\right)\left(cos^2x-sin^2x\right).cos2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos2x.cosx+cos^22x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x\left(2cosx+cos2x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cos2x=0\left(1\right)\\2cosx+cos2x=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\Rightarrow x=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{k\pi}{2}\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow2cosx+2cos^2x-1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\\cosx=\frac{-\sqrt{3}-1}{2}< -1\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\pm arccos\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\right)+k2\pi\)
ĐKXĐ: ...
a/ \(\frac{sin2x}{cos2x}+\frac{cosx}{sinx}=8cos^2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin2x.sinx+cos2x.cosx=8cos^2x.sinx.cos2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosx=4sin2x.cos2x.cosx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosx=2sin4x.cosx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosx\left(2sin4x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=0\\sin4x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow...\)
b/ \(\frac{cosx}{sinx}-\frac{sinx}{cosx}+4sin2x=\frac{1}{sinx.cosx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos^2x-sin^2x+4sin2x.sinx.cosx=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x+2sin^22x=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x+2\left(1-cos^22x\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2cos^22x+cos2x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cos2x=1\\cos2x=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow...\)
1c/
\(5sinx-2=3\left(1-sinx\right)\frac{sin^2x}{1-sin^2x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5sinx-2=\frac{3sin^2x}{1+sinx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5sinx-2\right)\left(1+sinx\right)=3sin^2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5sin^2x+3sinx-2=3sin^2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2sin^2x+3sinx-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx=\frac{1}{2}\\sinx=-2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=...\)
Bài 2:
a/ \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(m+1\right)\left(1-cos2x\right)}{2}-sin2x+cos2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2sin2x+\left(m-1\right)cos2x=m+1\)
Theo điều kiện có nghiệm của pt lượng giác bậc nhất:
\(4+\left(m-1\right)^2\ge\left(m+1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4m\le4\Rightarrow m\le1\)
ĐKXĐ: \(sin2x\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{cos^2x-sin^2x}{sinx.cosx}+4sin2x=\frac{2}{sin2x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2cos2x}{sin2x}+4sin2x=\frac{2}{sin2x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x+2sin^22x=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x-2\left(1-cos^22x\right)-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos^22x+cos2x-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cos2x=1\left(ktm\right)\\cos2x=-\frac{3}{2}>1\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Phương trình vô nghiệm