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Câu 1:
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.14,7}{98.100}=0,3mol\)
2Al+3H2SO4\(\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
-Tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\rightarrow\)Al dư, H2SO4 hết
\(n_{Al\left(pu\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2mol\)
\(n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,2=0,1mol\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1mol\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2gam\)
\(m_{dd}=8,1+200-0,1.27-0,3.2=204,8gam\)
C%Al2(SO4)3=\(\dfrac{34,2}{204,8}.100\approx16,7\%\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.19,6}{98.100}=0,4mol\)
MgO+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)MgSO4+H2O
-Tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\rightarrow\)H2SO4 dư
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pu\right)}=n_{MgO}=0,1mol\)\(\rightarrow\)\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,1=0,3mol\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.98=9,8gam\)
\(n_{MgSO_4}=n_{MgO}=0,1mol\)
\(m_{dd}=4+200=204gam\)
C%H2SO4(dư)=\(\dfrac{0,3.98}{204}.100\approx14,4\%\)
C%MgSO4=\(\dfrac{0,1.120}{204}.100\approx5,9\%\)
a) \(PT:CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaOH+H_2O\)
b) \(m_{HCl}=\frac{200.10,95\%}{100\%}=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
c) \(n_{NaOH}=2.0,05=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(pưNaOH\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(pưCaCO_3\right)}=0,6-0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
d) \(n_{CaCO_3}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl\left(pưCaCO_3\right)}=0,5.\frac{1}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CaCO_3}=0,25.100=25\left(g\right)\)
e) \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
f) \(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddA}=25+200-0,25.44=214\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ddCaCl_2}=\frac{0,25.111}{214}.100\%=12,97\%\)
\(C\%_{ddHCldư}=\frac{0,1.36,5}{214}.100\%=1,71\%\)
a, PTHH:
H2 + ZnO → Zn + H2O
nZnO = 8,1 / 81 = 0,1 ( mol)
Thep PTHH nH2 = nZnO = 0,1( mol)
nzn = nZnO = 0,1 (mol)
VH2 = 0,1 x 22,4 = 2,24 (l)
b, mZn = 0,1 x 65 = 6,5 (g)
c, Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
mHCl = 200 x 7,3 % = 14,6 ( g)
nHCl = 14,6 / 36,5 = 0,4 ( mol)
Theo PTHH nH2 = 1/2nHCl= 0,4 /2 = 0,2( mol)
VH2 = 0,2 x 22,4 = 4,48( l)
d, y H2 + FexOy → x Fe + yH2O
Theo câu a nH2 = 0,1 ( mol)
Theo PTHH nFexOy= 1/ynH2 = 0,1 /y ( mol)
mFexOy = 0,1/y( 56x + 16y)= 3,24 (g)
đoạn này bạn tự tính nhé!
CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1)
2NaOH + CO2 -> Na2CO3 + H2O (2)
nCaCO3=0,15(mol)
nHCl=0,2(mol)
Vì \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< 0,15\) nên CaCO3 dư
Theo PTHH 1 ta có:
nCO2=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)nHCl=0,1(mol)
Theo PTHH 2 ta có:
nCO2=nNa2CO3=0,1(mol)
mNa2CO3=106.0,1=10,6(g)
n hh khí = 0.5 mol
nCO: x mol
nCO2: y mol
=> x + y = 0.5
28x + 44y = 17.2 g
=> x = 0.3 mol
y = 0.2 mol
Khối lượng oxi tham gia pứ oxh khử oxit KL: 0.2 * 16 = 3.2g => m KL = 11.6 - 3.2 = 8.4g
TH: KL hóa trị I => nKL = 2*nH2 = 0.3 mol => KL: 28!!
KL hóa trị III => nKL = 2/3 *nH2 = 0.1 mol => KL: 84!!
KL hóa trị II => nKL = nH2 = 0.15 mol => KL: 56 => Fe.
nFe / Oxit = 0.15 mol
nO/Oxit = 0.2 mol
=> nFe/nO = 3/4 => Fe3O4
Fe3O4 + 4CO = 3Fe + 4CO2
Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2
0.15.....0.15.......0.15.....0.15
=> mH2SO4 pứ = 14.7 g => mdd = 147 g
m dd sau khi cho KL vào = m KL + m dd - mH2 thoát ra = 0.15 * 56 + 147 - 0.15*2 = 155.1g
=> C% FeSO4 = 14.7%
Câu 1:
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.24,79=6,1975\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{10\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)
d, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.136}{16,25+182,5-0,25.2}.100\%\approx17,15\%\)
Câu 2:
a, \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
c, \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
d, \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,25}=2\left(M\right)\)