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a) 4HCl + MnO2 --> MnCl2 + Cl2 +2H2O
2Fe + 3Cl2 ---> 2FeCl3
FeCl3 + 3NaOH --> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
NaCl + H2SO4 đ---> NaHSO4 + HCl
2HCl + CuO ---> CuCl2 + H2O
CuCl2 +2AgNO3 ---> Cu(NO3)2 + 2AgCl
b) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl ---> 2KCl + 2MnCL2 +5Cl2 +8H2O
Cl2 + H2--->2HCl
6HCl + Fe2O3 ---> 2FeCl3 +3H2O
FeCl3 + 3AgNO3 --> Fe(NO3)3 +3AgCl
2AgCl --to---> 2Ag + Cl2
Cl2 + 2NaBr ---> 2NaCl + Br2
Br2 + 2NaI --> 2NaBr + I2
I2 +Zn --to--> ZnI2
ZnI2 + 2NaOH --> Zn(OH)2 +2NaI
c) 2KCl ---dpnc--> 2K + Cl2
Cl2 + 2KOH --> KCl + KClO + H2O
4KClO --> KClO3 +3 KCl
4KClO3 ---> 3KClO4 + KCl
3KClO4 + 8Al ---> 4Al2O3 + 3KCl
KCl + AgNO3 --> AgCl + KNO3
d) 3Cl2 + 6KOH ---> KClO3 + 5KCl +3H2O
2KClO3 ---> 2KCl +#O2
2KCl --> 2K + Cl2
2Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 ---> CaCl2 +Ca(ClO)2
Ca(ClO)2 ---> CaCl2 + O2
CaCl2 ---> Ca + Cl2
Cl2 ra O2 ????
e)6HCl + KClO3 ---> KCl +3Cl2 +3H2O
3Cl2 +6KOH --> 5KCl + KClO +3 H2O
2KClO3 --> 2KCl + 3O2
2KCl --> 2K + CL2
CL2 +H2 --> 2HCl
2HCl +Fe--> FeCl2 + H2
Cl2 + 2FeCl2 -->2FeCl3
FeCl3 +3NaOH --> Fe(OH)3 +3NaCl
F O Cl N
Độ âm điện: 3,98 3,44 3,16 3,14
Nhận xét: tính phi kim giảm dần.
N2 CH4 H2O NH3
Hiệu độ âm điện: 0 0,35 1,24 0,84
Phân tử N2, CH4 có liên kết cộng hóa trị không phân cực. Phân tử H2O có liên kết cộng hóa trị phân cực mạnh nhất trong dãy.
a/
\(2HCl\underrightarrow{^{đpdd}}H_2+Cl_2\)
\(3Cl_2+2Fe\underrightarrow{^{to}}2FeCl_3\)
\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\)
\(2NaCl+H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}Na_2SO_4+2HCl\)
\(HCl+CuO\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(CuCl_2+AgNO_3\rightarrow AgCl+Cu\left(NO_3\right)2\)
b/
\(2HCl\underrightarrow{^{đpdd}}H_2+Cl_2\)
\(Cl_2+2Na\underrightarrow{^{to}}2NaCl\)
\(2NaCl+H_2SO_{4_{dac}}\underrightarrow{^{to}}Na_2SO_4+2HCl\)
\(2HCl+Fe\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
c/
\(MnO_2+4HCl_đ\underrightarrow{^{to}}MnO_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(Cl_2+2K\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl\)
\(2KCl+H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2SO_4+2HCl\)
\(2HCl\underrightarrow{^{đpdd}}H_2+Cl_2\)
\(Cl_2+2NaBr\rightarrow2NaCl+Br_2\)
\(Br_2+2NaI\rightarrow NaBr+I_2\)
d/
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl_đ\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(Cl_2+H_2\underrightarrow{^{as}}2HCl\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(FeCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow3AgCl+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\)
4 ý cuối :
1)
Cu + 2H2SO4→ CuSO4+ SO2+2H2O
Cu0 →Cu+2 +2e║ x1
S+6+2e →S+4 ║ x1
2)
2Al+ 4H2SO4→ Al2(SO4)3+ S+ 4H2O
2Al0→2Al+3 +6e║x1
S+6 +6e→S0 ║x1
3)
4Zn +5H2SO4→ 4ZnSO4+ H2S+ 4H2O
Zn0\(\rightarrow\) Zn+2 +2e ║x4
S+6 +8e →S−2 ║x1
4)
8Fe+ 15H2SO4→ 4Fe2(SO4)3+3H2S+ 12H2O
2Fe0→ 2Fe+3+6e║x4
S+6 +8e →S−2 ║x3
6 ý đầu
1.\(\overset{-3}{4NH_2}+\overset{0}{5O_2}\rightarrow\overset{+2+6}{4NO}+\overset{-2}{6H_2O}\)
4 X \(||\) N-3 + 5e → N+2
5 X \(||\) 2O0 + 4e → 2O-2
2.\(\overset{-3}{4NH3}+\overset{0}{3O_2}\rightarrow\overset{0}{2N_2}+\overset{-2}{6H_2O}\)
2 X \(||\) 2N-3 + 6e → 2N0
3 X \(||\) 2O0 + 4e → 2O-2
3.\(\overset{0}{3Mg}+\overset{+5}{8NO_3}\rightarrow\overset{+2}{3Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}+\overset{+2}{2NO}+\overset{ }{4H_2O}\)
3 X \(||\) Mg0 → Mg+2 + 2e
2 X \(||\) N+5 + 3e → N+2
4.\(\overset{0}{Al}+\overset{+5}{6NO_3}\rightarrow\overset{+3}{Al\left(NO_3\right)_3}+\overset{+4}{3NO_2}+\overset{ }{3H_2O}\)
1 X \(||\) Al0 → Al+3 + 3e
3 X \(||\) N+5 + 1e → N+4
5.\(\overset{0}{Zn}+\overset{+5}{4HNO_3}\rightarrow\overset{+3}{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}+\overset{+2}{NO}+\overset{ }{2H_2O}\)
1 X \(||\) Zn0 → Mg+2 + 2e
2 X \(||\) N+5 + 3e → N+4
6.\(\overset{0}{Fe}+\overset{+5}{4HNO_3}\rightarrow\overset{+3}{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}+\overset{+2}{NO}+\overset{ }{2H_2O}\)
1 X \(||\) Fe0 → Fe+3 + 3e
1 X \(||\) N+5 + 3e → N+2
a) (1) MnO2 + 4 HCl(đặc) -to-> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2 H2O
(2) Cl2 + H2 \(\Leftrightarrow\) 2 HCl
(3) HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O
(4) 2 NaCl + 2 H2O -đpddcmnx-> 2 NaOH + H2 + Cl2
(5) Cl2 + 2 H2O + SO2 -> H2SO4 + 2 HCl
(6) H2SO4 + BaCl2 -> BaSO4 + 2 HCl
b)
(1) BaCl2 -điện phân nóng chảy nhiệt độ cao-> Ba + Cl2
(2) Cl2 + H2 \(\Leftrightarrow\) 2 HCl
(3) Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
(4) 2 FeCl2 + Cl2 -to-> 2 FeCl3
(5) 2 FeCl3 + 3 Ba(OH)2 -> 2 Fe(OH)3 +3 BaCl2
(6) BaCl2 + H2SO4 -> BaSO4 + 2 HCl
c) (1) BaCl2 + H2SO4 -> BaSO4 +2 HCl
(2) 2 HCl + CuO -> CuCl2 + H2O
(3) CuCl2 + 2 KOH -> Cu(OH)2 + 2 KCl
(4) KCl + H2O -đpddcmnx-> KOH + 1/2 Cl2 + 1/2 H2
(5) 6 KOH + 3 Cl2 -to->5 KCl + KClO3 +3 H2O
(6) 2 KClO3 -to-> 2 KCl + 3 O2
a)
(1) MnO2 + 4HCl(đ) -to-> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
(2) Cl2 + H2 <-as-> 2 HCl
(3) HCl + NaOH => NaCl + H2O
(4) 2NaCl + 2H2O -đpddcmn-> 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
(5) Cl2 + 2H2O + SO2 => H2SO4 + 2HCl
(6) H2SO4 + BaCl2 => BaSO4 + 2HCl
b)
(1) BaCl2 -đpdd-> Ba + Cl2
(2) Cl2 + H2 ⇔ 2HCl (Đk : ánh sáng hoặc nhiệt độ)
(3) Fe + 2HCl => FeCl2 + H2
(4) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 -to-> 2FeCl3
(5) 2FeCl3 + 4Ba(OH)2 => 2Fe(OH)3 + 3BaCl2
(6) BaCl2 + H2SO4 => BaSO4 + 2HCl
c)
(1) BaCl2 + H2SO4 => BaSO4 +2HCl
(2) 2HCl + CuO => CuCl2 + H2O
(3) CuCl2 + 2KOH => Cu(OH)2 + 2KCl
(4) 2KCl + 2H2O -đpddcmn-> 2KOH + Cl2 + H2
(5) 6KOH + 3Cl2 -to-> 5KCl + KClO3 +3H2O
(6) 2KClO3 -to-> 2KCl + 3O2
b, PTHH :
\(2KI+SO_3\rightarrow2I+K_2SO_3\)
\(I_2+H_2\rightarrow2HI\)
\(2HI+Cl_2\rightarrow2HCl+I_2\)
\(HCl+KOH\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(F_2+2KCl\rightarrow Cl_2+2KF\)
\(Cl_2+H_2O\rightarrow HClO+HCl\)
\(HClO\rightarrow HCl+O_2\)
\(4HCl+O_2\rightarrow2H_2O+2Cl_2\)
\(Cl_2+2NaBr\rightarrow2NaCl+Br_2\)
\(Br_2+2NaI\rightarrow2NaBr+I_2\)
a,
\(3NaClO+2MnO_2+2KOH\rightarrow2KMnO_4+3NaCl+H_2O\)
Từ KMnO4 ra NaClO mình chưa nghĩ ra.
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(Cl_2+H_2\rightarrow2HCl\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(AgNO_3+NaCl\rightarrow AgCl+NaNO_3\)
\(5FeCl_2+KMnO_4+8HCl\rightarrow3FeCl_3+MnCl_2+KCl+4H_2O\)
\(2FeCl_3+Fe\rightarrow3FeCl_2\)
b,
\(2KI\underrightarrow{^{đpnc}}2K+I_2\)
\(I_2+H_2⇌2HI\)
\(Cl_2+2HI\rightarrow2HCL+I_2\)
\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(2KCl\underrightarrow{^{đpnc}}2K+Cl_2\)
\(Cl_2+H_2O⇌HCl+HClO\)
\(2HClO\rightarrow2HCl+O_2\)
\(2HCl+\frac{1}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{^{to,xt}}Cl_2+H_2O\)
\(Cl_2 +2KBr\rightarrow2KCl+Br_2\)
\(Br_2+2NaI\rightarrow2NaBr+I_2\)
Đáp án C.
Do phản ứng: H2S + H2SO4 → S + 2H2O + SO2